International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.20, 1-16
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Table 4 The income of fishermen in two fishing seasons
Status of fishermen
Monthly income (sharing-benefit) (USD)
Peak season
Low season
Owners
75,057.7 to 92,378.7
28,868.4 to 57,736.7
Fishing master/captain
7,794.5
6,772.5
Boat driver
360.8
73.6
Engineer
288.7
58.9
Net puller
216.5
44.2
Ballast puller
288.7
58.9
Ordinary crew
144.3
26.0
Fish box cleaner
144.3
26.0
Bearer fish
389.7
338.6
Note: Source: Primary data processed, 2011
The income of the ordinary crew is understandably
small. There is a large difference between the income
of the fishing master on the top of the fishing
hierarchy and the ordinary crew (Table 5). The “gap”
is caused mainly by granting higher salaries to fishing
masters because the boat owner often has difficulty in
hiring a captain or fishing master. The absence of a
fishing master has led fishermen with higher technical
capabilities to demand higher salaries. This shortage
occurs primarily when the number of purse seine boats
increase rapidly. Simultaneously, the captain is also
responsible for recruiting fishermen as boat crew. The
captain often uses this reasoning as leverage to
demand higher salaries from the boat owner.
Table 5 The income and income sources of fishermen in periods of crisis and non-crisis
Status of fishermen
Monthly income (sharing-benefit) (USD)
Income source
Before "fish crisis"
During "fish crisis"
Owners
28,868.4 to 57,736.7
0
Sell the assets, withdraw savings
Fishing master/captain
6,772.5
0
Sell the assets, withdraw savings, borrow
money from boat owner
Boat driver
73.6
69.3
Construction, fishing with small boat, borrow
money from captain
Engineer
58.9
46.2
Construction, fishing with small boat, borrow
money from captain
Net puller
44.2
37.5
Construction, agriculture, fishing with small
boat, borrow money from captain
Ballast puller
58.9
46.2
Construction, agriculture, fishing with small
boat, borrow money from captain
Ordinary crew
26.0
40.4
Construction, agriculture, fishing with small
boat, borrow money from captain
Fish box cleaner
26.0
34.6
Construction, agriculture, fishing with small
boat, borrow money from captain
Bearer fish
338.6
37.5
Construction, agriculture, fishing with small
boat, borrow money from captain
Note: * Monthly income above shows the income before "fish crisis" during low season. Source: Primary data processed, 2011
A purse seine net is a pelagic fishing trap operated
during a cloudy moon by circling schools of fish with
or without the help of a torch. Under normal
conditions, the purse seine boats operate
approximately 21-23 days per month or 255 days per
year involving one-day fishing trips. The major
fishing gear used in Bali Strait is the purse seine nets
mounted on boats of approximately 5-30 gross tons
(GT). The other fishing gear is the
payang
for the
medium-sized boats of 10-15 GT and gill nets for
smaller-sized boats of 2-3 GT. Fishing activity with
purse seine nets uses the “active method” (local name:
