International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.20, 1-16
2
exceeded the number established by the decree .
Previous studies have recommended that fishing in the
Bali Strait should be controlled by regulating the
fishing net mesh size and reducing the number of
purse seine vessels. Currently, it has been difficult to
implement the JGD issued by the governors of both
provinces.
During 2000-2004, there were opportunistic migrant
fishermen from outside the Bali Strait zone, such as
Tuban (another district in East Java), who fished using
purse seine gear in these rich waters. Johnson and
Michael (1990) mentioned economic and occupational
opportunities as among the main reasons for migrating
to other coastal areas. The situation reached critical
level when fishing gear and boats went out of control
and affected the status of the
S. lemuru
stocks in the
fishing grounds.
Purse seine gear operated with double boats
employing advanced technology and requiring a large
capital investment operated in the Bali Strait,
signaling the death kneel of the Bali sardinella fishery
there. This advanced fishing vessel and gear became
popular in Pengambengan with
S. lemuru
as major
fish target. By 2008, the number of
S. lemuru
continued to decline and seemed to have completely
disappeared from the waters of the Bali Strait,
resulting to the nearly total cessation of associated
economic activities. This situation upset not only the
actual fishing community but also sent negative
economic repercussions up the supply chain including
small and medium enterprises such as fish canneries
and those dealing with boiled fish in Pengembangan.
The local fishermen were left to wonder as to when
S.
lemuru
would return to Bali Strait.
The “fish crisis” in the Bali Strait appears to continue
over time and there is an urgent call for more serious
efforts to solve the problem. It was emphasized by
Roughgarden and Fraser (1996) that the collapse of
resources, such as fisheries, can eventually lead to an
ecologically unstable and costly management scheme.
The situation in Bali Strait is inching closer to such a
bleak scenario each day. Based on these reasons, this
study had several aims: (1) to explore socio-economic
conditions of fishermen and their adaptation strategy
during their economic crisis, (2) to identify the
problems on fish resources management of Bali Strait
and (3) to evaluate the fisheries management policy
for Bali Strait management.
1 Materials and Methods
1.1 Research location
This study was conducted in the Pengembengan
village, Negara sub-district, Jembrana district in the
province of Bali, located at 08
23'46" S and
114
34'47" E with a land area of 10.30 km
2
and
situated 0-125 m above sea level (Figure 1). The
population is estimated at 10,251 comprising 3,208
family units with a population density of 995 per km
2
and an average of 3 people per family unit. Altogether,
34% (3,490) of the total population works in the field
of fisheries, whereas others work on farms,
plantations, trade, industry, government, etc (Table 1).
Pengambengan village borders with Tegal Badeng
village (N), Perancak village (E), Tegal Badeng
village (W) and Bali Strait (S) (BPS Jembrana District,
2010b).
Figure 1 Amap of Pengambengan village, Jembrana District
