International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.20, 1-16
15
A strong management body must be constituted to
handle the many problems and challenges in equitable
marine and coastal utilization. Secondly, possible
alternative livelihoods available for both fisheries and
non-fisheries sectors have not yet been fully
developed or extensively been explored in
Pengambengan due to the high dependence among
fishermen on single-species capture fishery activities.
Thirdly, fish processing factories (canning, boiled and
fish meal) could not get enough supply of raw
material, and this situation is made more serious
during times of the fish crisis.
The joint governors’ decrees (JGD) issued by the
governors of East Java and Bali have not yet been
fully implemented in controlling the number of purse
seine gears and purse seine boats. Therefore, the
effective management of Bali Strait needs the
concerted efforts of all sectors. In view of the
observations obtained in this study, the following
specific areas also need to be addressed: acceleration
of the promulgation and implementation of relevant
legal instruments governing resource management,
encourage increased community involvement and
surveillance by local fishermen, improve lines of
communication and strengthen cooperation among
stakeholders particularly between fishermen and law
enforcers and provide training to fishermen in
handling violations and conflicts that occur at sea.
Author’s contributions
AZ designed and conducted research, collected primary and
secondary data and analyzed. AZ is also arranged all things to
completed this paper.
Acknowledgements
The first author would like to express his thanks to Prof.
Masahiro Yamao (professor at Hiroshima University) and Dr.
Lawrence Liao (associate professor at Hiroshima University)
for their valuable advises. The various respondents are thanked
for their cooperation during the interviews.
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