International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.20, 1-16
14
for East Java province and 83 for Bali province. In
1992, a revision of the previous decrees was
implemented effected through a meeting between the
two provinces launched under JGD No.
238/1992-674/1992 on November 24
th
, 1992. There
are three important points in these regulations: to
restrict the capacity of boats to less than 30 gross tons
(GT); to set the size of purse seines to a minimum
mesh size of 1 inch (2.54 cm), a maximum length of
300 meters and a depth of 60 meters. The restricted
number of purse seine nets was 190 units for East Java
province and 83 for Bali; and the Bali Strait area was
divided into 2 zones, zones I and II. Zone I is
allocated to traditional fishing activity, whereas zone
II is designated for large-scale fishing activity such as
purse seines (Figure 13). Despite the existing
regulations, more caution should be exercised
following the argument of Suárez de Viveroa et al.
(2008) who warned that greater effectiveness, capacity
and legitimacy in the implementation of the decisions
that affect both the sector and livelihoods that depend
on the fishery sector remain to be achieved. This
argument is reasonable considering the Bali Strait is
managed by different provinces (East Java and Bali)
and jointly exploited by the population of these
provinces.
Figure 13 The zoning for fishing operations in the Bali Strait
3 Concluding Remarks
The sharp decline of fish production in Jembrana has
affected the socio-economic condition of all levels of
the fishing community i.e., major part-time fishermen,
minor part-time fishermen, full-time fishermen and
boats owners. During this critical period, they do not
work or perform their main job (fishing activity),
particularly during the more than 18 months of fishing
dormancy from 2010 to mid-2011. To respond to this
situation, the fishermen have different ways in which
to cope. In the case of crew fishermen, they work as
Construction workers in urban areas such as Bali or
other cities in Java, while others worked agricultural
laborers in other villages of Jembrana. However, these
measures were only for temporary remediation during
the “crisis” to fulfill daily requirements. They come
back home after the fish resource recovers and returns
to the original livelihood condition.
Most problems associated with managing the fishery
resource of the Bali Strait are related to the joint
governors’ decrees (JGD) and their lax implementation.
