International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.20, 1-16
1
Research Article Open Access
Socio-economics status and adaptations of purse seine fishermen in Bali coastal
village, Indonesia
Achmad Zamroni
Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio Economics, Ministry for Marine and Fisheries, Indonesia
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Marine Science, 2015, Vol.5, No.20 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2015.05.0020
Received: 07 Jan., 2015
Accepted: 27 Feb., 2015
Published: 25 Mar., 2015
Copyright
©
2015
Zamroni, A., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Zamroni, A. 2015, Socio-economics status and adaptations of purse seine fishermen in Bali coastal village, Indonesia, International Journal of Marine Science,
Vol.5, No.20 1
-
16 (doi
Abstract
The Bali Strait of Indonesia has been experienced in "fish crisis" that negatively affected the economic conditions of small
scale fishing communities living surrounding the region. This study aimed to analyze the socio-economic conditions of fishermen
and their adaptation strategies to address these “crisis”. The study also investigated the existing fishery management policies and has
identified the problems in controlling and managing fisheries in the Bali Strait. Primary data were collected from 30 fishermen using
structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data, such as statistical data and reports from previous studies, were used as
preliminary information. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, comparative analysis and qualitative contents analysis.
The results of the study showed that the income among fishermen is highly variable. Although fishermen have part-time jobs outside
of fisheries during the time of ‘fish crisis’, their incomes decreased approximately 36.43% particularly during the lean season of the
year. The results showed that fisheries management did not contribute to the sustainable fishery resource base and benefiting
fishermen primarily in these two provinces. The results indicate that the joint agreements between the two provinces of East Java and
Bali over the last 33 years did not effectively support to the management of fisheries in Bali Strait. In addition, law enforcement
against violations is perceived as one of the main factor for poor fisheries management in Bali Strait.
Keywords
Purse seine fishery; Resource depletion; Fisheries management;
Sardinella lemuru
(SL); Bali Strait
Introduction
The nutrient-rich marine waters of the Bali Strait
provide 70% of the total Indonesian production of the
economically-important Bali sardinella or
Sardinella
lemuru
Bleeker. The fish
is
the main capture fisheries
product in the Jembrana District on Bali Island. The
production of
S. lemuru
has been highly fluctuating
and unpredictable in the last 35 years (1974-2009) as
it is affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) oceanic event. Catch data show that the
lowest landed production was 5,000 tons in one year
with the highest production at 80,000 tons in another
year with an annual average of approximately 35,000
tons (Jaya, 2011).
Most of the coastal communities on Bali Island (e.g.,
Pengambengan) and East Java (e.g., Muncar) derived
their main income from fishery resources. However,
production has decreased drastically from 2010 to
mid-2011 and so, purse seine boats no longer operate
because the fish became depleted from the waters of
the Bali Strait. Consequently, fishermen, boat owners,
boat captains and crews, fish traders and fish
processors relying heavily on these Bali Strait
resources ceased operations.
The once flourishing fishing industry of the Bali Strait
has attracted the attention of many researchers since
1971 who conducted various studies related to fish
biology, fisheries management, fishery acoustic
surveys, fish catch, and fish population dynamics and
socio-economics. As a result, purse seine fisheries in
the Bali Strait have been regulated by a joint
governors’ decree (JGD) between the governors of the
Provinces of East Java and Bali which has since been
amended four times. Based on the decrees no.
238/1992 and 674/1992, the purse seine vessel quota
for the Bali region and the East Java region has been
established at 83 and 190 units, respectively. However,
it has been shown that the number of purse seine
fishing vessels catching
S. lemuru
that landed in the
Pengambengan Fishery Nusantara Port (PFNP) has
