International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.20, 1-16
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Table 3 The price of the main fishes caught in Pengambengan fishing port
Types of Fish
The price during east monsoon season (IDR/kg)
The price during west monsoon season (IDR/kg)
Bali sardinella
5,000–6,000
5,000–6000
Mackerel scad
3,000–4,000
8,000
Eastern little tuna
5,000
9,000
Note: 1 USD = 9,535 IDR Source: Field survey, 2011
The price of
S. lemuru
on the average is relatively
lower than the prices of other fish which are
considered premium and seasonal species, because
S.
lemuru
is the dominant fish caught in the Bali Strait
outside of the critical years, its price is relatively
lower than most species. Fish such as scads, eastern
little tuna and Indian mackerel are highly seasonal fish
which therefore command relatively higher prices.
The price of
S. lemuru
sold to the fish-powder
factories is 50% lower than the price at the fish
canning, reflecting the relatively lower quality of fish
sold to and used by fish-powder factories. The
distribution supply chain of fishes begins at the
auction, which then is distributed to the fish
processing plants, the boiled fish companies and cold
storage facilities. Fishes are sold in lots through the
auctions and some are sold by weight. The distribution
of fish in general is outlined in Figure 7.
Figure 7 The distribution of fishes from Pengambengan Fishing Port
S. lemuru
and mackerel scads are mainly distributed to
the various fish processing plants and canneries in
Muncar (East Java) and Pengambengan (Bali). These
fish are not obtained through the auction process
because there is already an existing agreement
between the boat owners and the factories, so that the
fish must only be sold by weight. This pre-arranged
contract assures a high quality of fish to the processors
because they are export quality products that results to
higher revenues for the boat owners. However, the
fish sold to the boiled fish factories and cold storage
plants usually pass through the auction and are
presumably of lower quality than those sold to other
processors mentioned earlier. Boiled fish products are
intended for the domestic markets in Java and
Kalimantan. On the other hand, fish sold to the fish-powder
Factories are often classified as inferior or ‘rejected’
product with low-quality fish commanding lower
prices. However, traders sell only to cold storage
facilities at the bottom of the supply chain if there is
an oversupply of fish in Pengambengan that canneries
and boiled fish factories are not able to absorb as raw
materials.
2.2 Socio-economic conditions of fishermen
Currently,
the
number
of
fishermen
in
Pengambengan is estimated at approximately 2114;
71 are owners of purse seine boats and further
categorized into 240 purse seines boat units (120
boat pairs). The fishermen working on the purse
seine boats, particularly in Pengambengan, are
divided into several levels: captain or fishing master,
