International Journal of Horticulture, 2015, Vol.5, No.21, 1-45
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‘Flaming Peace’ and ‘Climbing Peace’, a related seedling ‘Pink Peace’ and its mutant ‘Candy Stripe’. Protein
electrophoresis has provided a new approach to the problems of species relationships. Fiebich, and Henning
(Fiebich and Henning, 1992) used successfully isozyme analysis in breeding of
Chrysanthemum.
Analysis of
electrophoretic pattern of soluble proteins in the original and mutant cultivars of chrysant hemum, rose and
Lantana depressa
revealed the existence of variability for number and intensity of protein bands between the
original and mutants (Datta, 1992, 1997).
RAPD markers were used to verify interspecific hybridization in
Alstroemeria
. Five putative inter-specific hybrids
and their parents were analysed by means of four prese-lected RAPD primers (Benedetti et al., 2000) The putative
parentage was confirmed in four hybrids and was excluded in one that showed completely different RAPD
patterns from its putative parents and a different phenotype. Their results demonstrated that this molecular
technique is a powerful tool for rapid verification of hybridity. This tool will allow screening of small immature
seedlings for verification of hybridity and should improve the efficiency of breeding programme. Interspecific
relationships of both vegetable and grain
Anaranthus
were studied using RAPD (Mandal and Das, 2002; Faseela
and Salkutty, 2007).
Hippeastrum
, popular name Amaryllis, is an excellent bulbous plant bearing beautiful flowers. National Botanical
Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India is one of the pioneer institutions where commendable work has been
done on various ornamentals and
Hippeastrum
in particular. Only two species i.e.
H. belladonna
and
H. gracillis
used to grow in plains at NBRI. A total of three varieties, two under
H. belladonna
i.e. ‘Snow White’ and ‘Fire Fly’
and one variety i.e. Charm under
H. gracillis
are available in plains. A large number of Dutch hybrids which
produce giant size blooms in much wider range of colours, imported and available at different regions of India
were collected. These germplasms were used as base line materials for hybridization program and NBRI has
successfully developed new varieties through selective hybridization and through selection of natural hybrids. No
detailed information is available on the genetical aspects of the genus. The factors underlying evolution are not
clear. Narain and Khoshoo (Narain and Khoshoo, 1977) on the basis of their observations and earlier authors on
Hippeastrum
revealed that hybridization has been an important single factor involved in the origin and evolution
of garden cultivars. Next to hybridization, polyploidy has been an important factor and some of the species
involved are tetraploid. They have proposed a phylogenetic tree explaining the role of different elemental species
and their country of origin. Realizing the necessity of proper classification of elemental species and vast number
of cultivars, Khoshoo (1971) proposed a very important concept for nomenclature of cultivated crops. Following
the concept of Khoshoo (1971) and the system suggested by Traub (1958), Narain (1977) proposed a workable
classification and all the cultivars have been placed under different groups on the basis of their diagnostic
characters. RAPD analysis has been used to characterize genotypes of known and unknown origin and to measure
genetic relationships among the hybrids of
Hippeastrum
. PCR amplification of total genomic DNA from 24
amaryllis
cultivars using 20 random decamer primers was carried out. Of 20 primers, 7 produced 5-13 DNA bands
per primer suitable for data analysis of the 24 cultivars. A total of 59 bands were produced from the 7 useful
primers, ranging in size from 100 to 1500 base pairs (Figure 1A, B). The 24 cultivars were classified using the 48
polymorphic bands obtained from the 7 primers. Based on the presence or absence of the 48 polymorphic bands,
the genetic variations within and among the 24 cultivars were measured. The similarity coefficients ranged
between 0.2 and 1.0. From the data obtained in the dendogram, the 7 polymorphic primers discriminated among
all varieties and divided into two major clusters. The first contained 11 varieties and the second cluster contained
13 varieties. The overall results of the cluster analysis fit with the available pedigree data of the species. Hybrids
with common parents (one or more) clustered together indicating their level of genetic similarity. From this study
a clear genetic association of various
Hippeastrum
cultivars and hybrids with parents was found. Cluster analysis
of RAPD profiles of
Hippeastrum
hybrids and/or varieties where the pedigree is not known can now be used as a
tool to study ancestral relationships (Chakrabarty et al., 2007).
Genetic variations among 24 cut flower
Anthurium andraeanum
Hort. cultivars were assessed using RAPD
fingerprinting (Nowbuth et al., 2005). Eight decamer primers produced a total of 98 reproducible PCR bands and
genetic distance (GDNL) coefficients indicated low genetic variation among the cultivars. Dendrogram grouped
