International Journal of Horticulture, 2015, Vol.5, No.21, 1-45
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chrysanthemum is very complex and they carry the genes of many ancestors. It has been realized that the wild
growing polyploids are not just plain duplicated diploids. It contains the characters of two, three or four diploid
species according to whether they are tetraploid, hexaploid or octaploid. The genus chrysanthemum contributes a
large polyploid complex ranging from 2X to 22X, besides a number of aneuploids. Maximum germplasm,
maintained at NBRI, were utilized for morphological characterization. Selected original and mutant varieties were
used for cytological, anatomical and biochemical characterization. For molecular characterization, 47 large
flowered varieties, 48 small flowered varieties, 21 mutant varieties and 24 mini varieties were selected at random
from germplasm collection. The objective was to find out the genetic diversity present in the entire
chrysanthemum germplasm in general and large flowered, small flowered and mini chrysanthemum in particular.
Special aim was also to find out the molecular basis of somatic flower colour mutations i.e. how gamma ray
induced morphological mutants (flower colour/shape) can be identified by molecular markers. Details of materials
used for characterization are given in Table 3 and Table 4.
Table 3 Morphological characters of large flowered chrysanthemum varieties included in RAPD analysis
Sl. No.
Name of the cultivars
Floret colour
Bloom type
1.
Maud Jefferies
Clear white155C
Reflex
2.
Penny Lane
White
Reflex
3.
Beatrice May
Whit Gr. 155A
Reflex, petal irregular type
4.
White Snow
White
Incurving, irregular, spatula type
5.
S. S. Arnold
White
Incurve, few petals irregular
6.
Beauty
White 155D
Incurved, floret tubular with broad open
mouth, tip bifid type
7.
Dee
White
Disc prominent, floret flat spreading
outwards and downwards
8.
White sport of pride of Madford White (Gr. 155D)
Ball type
9.
Snowball
Clear white 155 D
Incurve
10.
Gypsee Queen
White 155 D
Spider, tubular, tip hooked
11.
Valiant
White 155A
Spider, tubular
12.
Tokyo
White
Spider
13.
Kasturba Gandhi
White (Yellow Gr. 4D)
Spider, tubular
14.
Tamra
Yellow Gr. 2B
Reflex
15.
Yellow Rayonette
Outer surface Yellow Gr. 4B
Quilled, reflex, floret tubular
16.
Garden State
Inner surface yellow Gr. 8A
Incurving, tubular, 1/3 open at tip
17.
Shin Mei Getsu
Yellow Gr. 5C
Incurved
18.
R. Venkat Raman
Yellow
Incurved, ball type
19.
Mountaineer
Inner surface yellow Gr. 8C
Incurved, twisted
20.
Autumn King
Inner surface yellow Gr.9C
Incurved
21.
Bhima
Inner and outer surface yellow Gr.
4C
Spider, tubular, tip open and hook type
22.
Robin Hood
Yellow, Gr. 3C
Incurving
23.
Kiku Biori
Inner surface green Gr. 8B
Incurved, tubular, 1/3 open at tip
24.
Mrs. W. A. Ried
Inner surface red Gr. 45 A
Reflex
25
Arjuna
Red purple Gr. 72D
Irregular
26
Party time
In. surface yellow Gr. 8C, outer
surface red Gr. 53A, In. red purple
Gr. 71B, O. surface orange Gr. 24
D
Spoon type, lower portion tubular, front
spoon red open
27
Allahabad reflex
Red Gr. 53 B
Reflexed, floret flat or slightly twisted
28
Fish tail
In surface purple gr. 75 B, O.
surface purple Gr. 75 D
Intermediate, tubular floret open at tip
