International Journal of Horticulture 2015, Vol.5, No.5, 1
-
13
6
the parents than recessive ones, which were
asymmetrically distributed as shown by the ratioof
H
2
/4H
1
which was less than 0.25 for all traits (Table
4). This low value of degree of dominance (< 0.25)
signifying unequal sequence of genes with positive
and negative effects at loci displaying dominance
among parents which was assured by H
1
– H
2
value
being not equal to zero. The ambi-directional
dominance effect and the uncorrelated distribution of
genes among parents may be one of the causes for low
estimates of this ratio (Mather and Jinks, 1971).
Non-significant values of E revealed that environment
did not play any role in the expression of these
characters. The proportion of dominant and recessive
alleles in the parents (Table 4) for all the traits under
study as depicted by the formula (4DH
1
)
0.5
+F/(4DH
1
)
0.5
-F) also suggested the excess of dominant genes than
recessive ones in the parents.The approximate number
of effective factors (genes or gene groups) exhibiting
dominance is measured by h
2
/ H
2
ratio. This estimate
was less than unity for all the traits except colouring
matter in oleoresin indicated that these characters
were controlled by one major gene group whereas
colouring matter in oleoresin was controlled by more
than two major gene groups. Rao and Chonkar
(1982a); Singh and Hundal (2001); Sousa and Maluf
(2003) reported that non-additive gene effects had
greater role in controlling the inheritance of dry matter.
The predominance of non-additive gene action in
governing capsaicin content was reported by
Lohithaswa et al. (2001); Singh and Hundal (2001);
Prasath and Ponnuswami (2008). Singh and Hundal
(2001); Saritha et al. (2005) reported non-additive
gene control for oleoresin content, colouring matter in
powder and colouring matter in oleoresin.
1.4 Estimation of true heterosis over better parent
and standard checks for quality traits
Fruit dry matter is very important for processing
industry, since a large proportion of the pepper
produced in the world is used in the form of powder.
Best materials for processing purposes should show
the highest percentage of dry matter (Sousa and Maluf,
2003). Out of 28 hybrids 8, 13, 19, 7 and 13 hybrids
recorded significant positive heterosis (Table 5) over
better parent, CH-1, CH-3, Rudra and Soldier,
respectively. Best three heterotic hybrids over better
parent were PP 403 x VR 521 (28.70) followed by MS
341 x PP 403 (21.90), SL 461 x SL 462 (21.37). The
best heterotic hybrids over the standard were MS 341
x PP 403 followed by DL 161 x PP 403 and SL 461 x
DL 161. These hybrids were also superior on the basis
of the
per se
performance. Significant positive
heterosis for dry matter was recognized by Lippert
(1975); Bhagyalakshmi et al. (1991), whereas, Anand
et al.(2001) reported positive heterosis for dry matter
over mid parent in 25 hybrids but only the cross PMR
28 x IHR 1208 exhibited positive heterosis. Singh
(2001) observed -17.79% heterosis for dry matter
content.
Out of 28 hybrids, 2 and 15 hybrids showed
significant positive heterosis over better parent and
CH-1 for ascorbic acid in green fruits. None of the
hybrid showed significant positive standard heterosis
over CH-3. Only 7 hybrids showed significant
positive standard heterosis over Rudra and Soldier
ranged from 21.82 (MS 341 x SL 461) to 49.09 (SL
461 x DL 161) in both. The superior hybrids on the
basis of
per se
performance and heterosis over the
checks were SL 461 x DL 161 followed by SL 461 x
VR 521 and SD 463 x PP 402. Bhagyalakshmi et al.
(1991) recorded high mid parent and better parent
heterosis in the cross LCA 206 x LCA 960 for the
trait.
For ascorbic acid in red fruits, out of 28 hybrids, 9, 8,
14, 9 and 8 hybrids recorded significant positive
heterosis (Table 6) over better parent, CH-1, CH-3,
Rudra and Soldier, respectively. Top three heterotic
hybrids were SD 463 x VR 521 (32.29) over better
parent followed by PP 402 x PP 403 (26.93) and SL
462 x VR 521 (29.41). The hybrid combination SL
462 x VR 521 was superior in terms of mean
performance and also best heterotic over the checks
followed by MS 341 x PP 402 and MS 341 x SD
463.Vandana et al. (2002) identified cross Yolo
wonder x CW-51 which exhibited significant positive
heterosis for ascorbic acid content (14.21%) at red
ripe stage. RANI, 1996 identified six entries namely
Ducle, Examba, Shankeshwar, Arun, 73 Kashmiri
local and Kalianpur Chaman exceeded Pusa Jawala in
their ascorbic acid content. Similarly Rao and
Chhonkar (1982b) identified thirteen crosses
Kovilpatti-l x CA 1068, Kovilpatti-1 x G3,
Kovilpatti-1 x LIC 23, CA 1068 x Kalianpur-1, G3 x
Kalianpur-1, G3 x G4, G3 x Jwala, G3 x CA 960, G3
x LIC 23, G5 x Jwala, Kalianpur-1 x G4, Kalianpur- x
CA 960, C x LIC 23 exhibited significant positive mid
parent heterosis ranging from 2.21 to 30.93 per cent.
