International Journal of Horticulture 2015, Vol.5, No.5, 1
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Significant positive heterosis was showed by 6, 5, 5, 4
and 23 hybrids for capsaicin in powder over better
parent, CH-1, CH-3, Rudra and Soldier, respectively.
Best heterotic hybrids were SL 461 x VR 521 (71.75)
over better parent followed by DL 161 x PP 402
(62.56) and PP 403 x VR 521 (19.02). The hybrid
combinations DL 161 x PP 402 gave best heterotic
and
per se
performance over standard checks followed
by SL 461 x VR 521 and MS 341 x PP 403. Positive
heterosis for capsaicin was reported by Mishra et al.
(1991); Sousa and Maluf (2000). Milerue and
Nikornpun (1999) concluded that pungency is
controlled by a group of two dominant genes. Singh
(2001) observed negative heterosis for capsaicin
content with the highest value in cross Punjab
Guchhedar x I-16 (-30%). The negative values for
capsaicin content in powder revealed that many genes
control the character and additive gene action plays an
important role. Prasath and Ponnuswami (2008)
recorded a range of significant heterosis from -53.57
to 202.38 per cent over standard check.
For oleoresin content;9, 13, 15, 16 and10 hybrids
recorded significant positive heterosis over better
parent as well as standard checks viz., CH-1, CH-3,
Rudra and Soldier, respectively. The top three hybrid
combinations SL 461 x PP 403, SL 461 x PP 402 and
SL 461 x SL 462 were superior on the basis of
per se
performance and also found heterotic over better
parent as well as over the standard and commercial
checks. Prasath and Ponnuswami (2008) recorded a
range of significant heterosis from -9.43 to 21.83 per
cent over standard check.
Five, six, five, four and twenty three hybrids recorded
significant positive heterosis over better parent, CH-1,
CH-3, Rudra and Soldier, respectively for capsaicin in
oleoresin among 28 hybrids (Table 7). Best heterotic
hybrids over better parent were SL 461 x VR 521
(71.58) followed by DL 161 x PP 402 (62.48) and PP
403 x VR 521 (18.90). However, the cross
combinations DL 161 x PP 402, SL 461 x VR 521 and
MS 341 x PP 403 were found heterotic over standard
and commercial checks and was also superior in terms
of their mean performance.
Out of twenty eight; 8, 19, 10, 5 and 9 hybrids were
found significantly heterotic in desirable direction
over better parent, CH-1, CH-3, Rudra and Soldier,
respectively for colouring matter in powder. Top three
heterotic hybrids were SD 463 x VR 521 (28.76) over
better parent followed by SL 461 x VR 521 (22.49)
and MS 341 x PP 403 (21.93). The top three cross
combinations SL 462 x VR 521, DL 161 x PP 402 and
SL 461 x VR 521 were found heterotic over all the
checks. Lippert et al. (1975) showed non-significant
increase in the colouring matter of hybrids as
compared to their parents. Prasath and Ponnuswami
(2008) recorded a range of significant heterosis from
-53.09 to 33.03 per cent over standard check.
Significant positive heterosis over better parent, CH-1,
CH-3, Rudra and Soldier, respectively were showed
by 20, 7, 10, 7 and 3 hybrids for colouring matter in
oleoresin (Table 8). Best heterotic hybrids were PP
402 x PP 403 (66.25) over better parent followed by
SD 463 x PP 402 (66.16) and SD 463 x PP 403
(57.17). Best heterotic hybrids over standard and
commercial checks were DL 161 x SL 462, PP 403 x
VR 521 and SL 462 x SD 463. However, these crosses
were also found better on the basis of
per se
performance.
2 Materials and Methods
The present investigation was carried out at the
Vegetable Research Farm and Biochemistry Laboratory,
Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana, during 2010-2011. The
experimental field is situated at 30°- 54’ north latitude,
70°- 45’ east longitude and at an altitude of 247 m
above sea level. The soil texture was of the sandy
loam. The F
1
(28) crosses were made in a half-diallel
fashion (excluding reciprocals) by using eight diverse
parents. The experimental material comprising of 28
F
1
hybrids, eight parental lines and four standard
checks, CH-1 and CH-3 (released by Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana) Rudra and Soldier
(from Nunhem Seeds Private Ltd.) were sown in
well-prepared nursery beds on 21
st
October, 2010. The
transplanting was done in the field on 23
rd
February,
2011 in a Randomized Complete Block Design with
three replications. The experimental material was
transplanted at a distance of 75 x 45 cm. In each
replication, there were ten plants in a row for each
entry. Five plants were randomly selected from each
treatment in each replication leaving a border plant at
each corner and red fruits were harvested which were
then analyzed for dry matter content (%), ascorbic
acid in red fruits (mg/100g of fresh weight), oleoresin
content (%), capsaicin in powder and in oleoresin (%),
colouring matter in powder and in oleoresin (ASTA).
