Molecular Plant Breeding 2016, Vol.7, No.11, 1
-
16
8
Genetic diversity parameters showed that the SSR
markers used in this study were in agreement or more
informative compared to many studies in pepper and
other crops. Of the amplified markers 97.2% were
polymorphic and only one marker (AVRDC PP117)
was monomorphic. This polymorphism rate was
similar to the results reported by Oh et al. (2012) and
in pepper and QI-Lun et al. (2008) in maiz who used
22 and 45 SSR markers and obtained 100% and
96.3% polymorphism respectively.
However, it was very high compared to many
previous studies in pepper (Dhaliwal et al. 2014
and Rai et al. 2013) who used 50 and 103 markers
and reported 54% and 24.3% polymorphism
respectively. In eggplant,
Munoz-Falcón et al.
(2011) used 17 genomic SSRs in and obtained
82.3% polymorphism.
Table 6 Pairwise population Nm values based on Fst values
Elb
Dk
Men Db
Gin
Ak
Af
NARI
HAC AVRDC
KALRO1
KALRO2
0.00
Elb
2.83
0.00
Dk
1.41
6.39 0.00
Men
9.78
2.21 1.36 0.00
Db
5.28 10.45 4.61 5.48
0.00
Gin
1.01
2.46 1.60 0.98
2.21 0.00
Ak
2.17
3.06 1.58 2.29
3.52 4.91 0.00
Af
1.78
2.65 1.35 1.63
2.45 2.39 8.03
0.00
NARI
1.73
2.14
1.11 1.50
2.02 2.77 8.00
8.14
0.00
HAC
2.27
2.78 1.75 1.99
2.79 2.13 3.50
3.40
3.56
0.00
AVRDC
1.86
2.26 1.26 1.69
2.41 1.02 2.28
1.47
2.01
3.74
0.00
KALRO1
0.49
0.65 0.57 0.53
0.68 0.51 0.66
0.54
0.57
0.69
0.58
0.00 KALRO2
Note: Elb=Elabered, Dk=Dekemhare Men=Mendefera, Db=Dubarwa Gin=Gindae, Ak=Akurdat Af=Afabet
Diversity indicators performed by the 28 markers of
the current study, viz allele richness, polymorphic
information
content
(PIC),
and
Observed
heterozygosity (H
o
) were similar or much higher
compared to many previous studies using SSR and
other markers in pepper and other crops. Total number
of alleles (352) and average number of alleles per
marker (13) obtained in this study were slightly higher
compared to that reported by González-Pérez et al.
(2014) who analyzed 39 markers and obtained a total
of 381 alleles and an average of 9.8 alleles per locus,
but much higher compared to Dhaliwal et al. (2014)
and Oh et al. (2012), who reported average number of
alleles per marker and total number of alleles in
pepper to be 75 and 2.78 and 29 and 3.22 respectively.
Similarly, Sow et al. (2014)) reported in rice 178, and
9.89. However the results were lower compared to
average number of alleles (18.21) reported in pepper
by Nicolai et al. (2013) and total number and average
number of alleles reported in grape (499 and 22.68) by
Emanuelli et al. (2013). These differences could be
due to the set of samples used in the current study was
smaller compared to the last two reports
(González-Pérez et al. 2014).
Mean and range of PIC recorded by the current study
was 0.62 and 0.13-0.89 respectively. This was similar
to previous reports of SSR markers in pepper
(González-Pérez et al. 2014; Dhaliwal et al., 2014; Rai
et al., 2013; and Lee et al., 2004) and in rice (Sow et
al., 2013). However, the results of the current study
are higher than reports in pepper (Oh et al., 2012 and
Hanáček et al., 2009). PIC values take into account
the number of alleles and their distribution, thus
determine informativeness of markers (González-Pérez
et al. 2014). In the current study only three markers
showed PIC value less than 0.5 indicating that the set
of SSR markers used were highly informative.
Average observed heterozygosity (Ho) of the current
study was 0.41. This was comparable to the reports of
Oh et al. (2012) in pepper and QI-Lun et al. (2008) in
maize, and higher than SSR in pepper (Nicholaï et al.,
2013 and Ibiza et al., 2012) and rice (Sow et al., 2014).
Ibiza et al. (2013) justified the low Ho obtained in
their study by tendency of
Capsicum
species to
