International Journal of Aquaculture, 2015, Vol.5, No.27, 1
-
10
1
Research Article Open Access
Population and hierarchical genetic structure of
Badis badis
(Hamilton-
Buchanan, 1822) in sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal, India
Mukhopadhyay T., Bhattacharjee S.
Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, P.O. North Bengal University, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, INDIA
Corresponding author
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2015, Vol.5, No.27 doi
Received: 20 Jun, 2015
Accepted: 21 Jul., 2015
Published: 09 Sep., 2015
Copyright © 2015
Mukhopadhyay T. and Bhattacharjee S., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Mukhopadhyay T. and Bhattacharjee S., 2015, Population and hierarchical genetic structure of Badis badis (Hamilton- Buchanan, 1822) in sub-Himalayan Terai
region of West Bengal, India, International Journal of Aquaculture, 5(27): 1-10
Abstract
Badis badis
is a threatened ornamental freshwater fish in the Indian scenario. But the population genetic background of
this ichthyofauna is largely unexplored in the eastern sub-Himalayan hotspot region of West Bengal state of India, known as the Terai.
We have studied six populations from two major streams (Mahananda and Balason) of the region through RAPD fingerprinting. The
allelic richness, Shannon’s Information index and a measure of evenness were calculated for each population. The
SHE
analysis
revealed the change in diversity pattern in a spatial scale. Our results indicated that the allelic richness decreased and the evenness
increased in the populations as the streams drained from higher to a lower altitude. The Nei’s genetic distance, genetic identity and
UPGMA dendrogram revealed that the six populations formed two distinct groups. The principal component analysis also supported
the UPGMA dendrogram. The pair-wise gene differentiation and gene flow between the populations showed the hierarchical genetic
structure of
Badis badis
in the studied region.
Keywords
Badis badis
; Threatened ornamental fish;
SHE
analysis; Genetic hierarchy; RAPD fingerprinting
Introduction
Badis badis
(Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) (Actinopterygii,
Perciformes, Badidae) a tropical, benthopelagic,
ornamental freshwater fish has recently been included
within the vulnerable category in the list of threatened
freshwater fishes of India by National Bureau of Fish
Genetic Resources (NBFGR, Lucknow, India) (Lakra
et al, 2010). However, there have been insufficient
studies with regard to the spatial genetic architecture
of this fish species, especially in the eastern
sub-Himalayan hotspot region of West Bengal, India,
known as the Terai.
Genetic variability or diversity is an essential for the
fitness as well as survival of the whole population.
Therefore the loss of genetic diversity of a species
reduces its capability for adaptation and increases the
risk of extinction (Frankham, 1995; Caughley and
Gunn, 1996; Avise and Hamrick, 1996; Landweber
and Dobson, 1999). The endangered/vulnerable
organisms having small population size may experience
a continuous reduction in the level of genetic variation.
However, maintaining genetic variation in endangered
species is essential to ensure its adaptation, expansion
and proper reestablishment in natural conditions,
if required. The study of genetic variability within and
between local populations is extremely useful to gain
information on the individual identity, breeding
patterns, the degree of relatedness and genetic
variability within as well as between them. Genetic
variations can be assessed by means of DNA
polymorphisms. RAPD fingerprinting has been used
to evaluate genetic diversity and also in subspecies
identification (Wasko et al., 2002; Leuzzi et al., 2004;
Hatanaka and Galetti, 2003; Feng et al., 2007; Islam
and Alam, 2004; Garg et al., 2009; Garg et al., 2010;
Alam et al., 2010; Affonso and Galetti, 2007; Amavet
et al., 2009; Prior et al., 1997; Brahmane et al., 2006;
Bardakci and Skibinski, 1994; Brahmane et al., 2008;
Yamazak et al., 2005). A very limited genomic
research has been carried out in
Badis badis
species
till date and insufficient genomic information is
available to perform other sophisticated fingerprinting
techniques where whole genomic sequence is necessary;
therefore, RAPD fingerprinting was the best
alternative for genetic diversity analyses. A number of
diversity indices have been widely used by different
investigators to quantitatively express diversity.
Shannon’s index of diversity (
H´
or
I
) can be
