Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2016, Vol.7, No.02, 1
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uptake or loss of water (Boursiac et al., 2005). Growth
inhibition, and ultimately, serious tissue damages, are
the consequences. According to the incapacity to grow
on high salt medium, plants have been classified as
glycophytes or halophytes. Most plants are
glycophytes and cannot tolerate salt stress (Sairam and
Tyagi, 2004). There are naturally occurring
salt-tolerant trees (mangroves), shrubs, grasses and
herbs. However, virtually none of our crop plants is
able to tolerate even a quarter of seawater without loss
of yield (Flowers and Flowers, 2005; Abd El-Samad
and Shaddad, 2010, 2013 and, 2014).
Thus the aim of the present work was to describing
salt-induced changes on the phenology of the four
wheat cultivars (Sakha94, Gimiza11, Gimiza10, and
Giza 168. The correlation between growth kinetics,
dry matter production, carbohydrates, proteins amino
acids andproline in serving these toerance.
1 Results
1.1 Plant growth parameters
Dry matter yield
The data in table 1 exhibited that salinity stress up to
the level of 150mMNaCl, stimulated the production of
dry matter of stems and leaves of wheat cultivar
Sakha94.The percent of increase in dry matter yield
approached 20% and 1.5- folds at the level of 150
mMNaCl in stems and leaves respectively. Dry matter
of roots remained unchanged up to 150 mM NaCl then
a highly significant reduction was recorded which was
about 38.1% at the level of 300 mMNaCl. In spikes,
There is a marked and progressive enhancement but
not irregular in the production of spike in wheat
cultivar Sakha94. The highest dry matter yield of
spike was at the level of 150 mMNaCl more than 2
folds and the lowest accumulation of spike dry matter
was at the highest salinity level used (about 16% over
the control values).The data in table 1showed that the
salinity stress stimulated the dry matter yield of stems
up to 150 mMNaCl of wheat cultivar Gimiza 11. At
this level the percent increase in dry matter of stem
was about 29.6% in relation to the control. Then a
highly significant reduction was obtained (about 25%
below the control). In leaves, the NaCl salinity
induced insignificant changes in dry matter of leaves
up to 150 mM NaCl, there after a marked and
progressive reduction was obtained only at the level of
300 mMNaCl which was about (35% in relation to
control).The dry matter of roots stimulated by salinity
stress up to 50 mMNaCl by about 50% over those of
control values, there after the dry matter of roots
reduced sharply and suddenly, while the dry matter of
roots stimulated by 50% at 50 mM NaCl, it on the
other hand and surprisingly dropped by 22.3% at 150
mMNaCl and then continue to be reduced highly
significantly up to the highest salinity level used 300
mMNaCl. At this level 300 mMNaCl the percent of
reduction in root approached 80% in comparison to
control. There is some irregular stimulation in the
production of spikes in cv. Gimiza 11 up to the level
of 150 mMNaCl. This stimulation fluctuated between
6% to 18% in relation to the control sample. However
some inhibition was recorded only at 300 mMNaCl
(about 19% in relation to control).
The data in table 1 revealed that, there is a highly
significant reduction in the dry matter of stems in cv.
Gimiza 10 at the level of 20 mMNaCl. This reduction
seemed to be more or less constant up to the level of
150 mMNaCl (about 31.1%) and the highest
reduction was obtained at the highest doses of NaCl,
it was (about 44%) at the level 300 mM as compared
with those of control. The dry matter of leaves
remained mostly unchanged up to 150 mMNaCl and
a highly significant reduction was recorded beyond
this level (about 30%). The dry matter of roots
reduced smoothly up to 150 mMNaCl, above which a
sharp reduction was recorded at 300 mMNaCl. At the
level of 300 mM NaCl the dry matter of roots
reduced by more than 50% compared to the control
values. The production of spikes dropped sharply
even at the level of 20 mMNaCl (by about 40%), and
remained more or less constant up to 150mMNaCl
and further excessive reduction was reported at the
level 300 mMNaCl which was more than 50%.The
data in table 1 revealed that there is a marked and
progressive reduction in dry matter of stems even at
the lowest salinity levels of NaCl in wheat cultivar
Giza 168. It's worthy to mention that the dry matter
of stem dropped (by about 50%) at the level of 20
mMNaCl salinity and (by about 60%) at the level of
300mM NaCl salinity. In leaves this accelerated
reduction was observed also for leaves but less than
in stems and registered also at the lowest salinity
levels used. Also this drastic effect of salinity was
about 30% at the most salinity levels used. In roots
