Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2016, Vol.7, No.02, 1
-
16
14
breeding programs (Sakha, Gimiza, and International
Research Centre of Agriculture).Wheat seeds were
surface sterilized by immersion in a mixture of ethanol
96% and H
2
O
2
(1:1) for 3 minutes, followed by
several washings with sterile distilled water. The
concentrations of NaCl were chosen after preliminary
experiments in which the seeds were subjected to
different concentrations of NaCl. Eight seeds were
sown per pot. Each pot contained 3.8 kg of garden
clay soil in three replicates. All pots were irrigated
with tap water for two weeks until full germination.
The seedlings were then irrigated by different
concentrations of NaCl solutions (0, 20, 50, 150 and
300 mM) after two weeks from sowing. In order to
maintain the osmotic potential, the soil moisture
content was kept near the field capacity using tap
water. Plants were left to grow in natural conditions
under these conditions until crop yield production.
Dry weight wasdeter mined at the end of the
experimental period yields of the different organs
(roots, stems, leaves and spikes). To determine the dry
matter yields of the different organs they were dried in
an oven at 80°C. Successive weighting was carried out
until the constant dry weight of each sample was
reached. Carbohydrates were determined by the
anthrone-sulfuric acids method (Fales, 1951). Free
amino acids, proline and a soluble protein contents
were measured according to Moore and Stein (1948),
Bates et al. (1973) and Lowry et al. (1951)
respectively.
References
Abdull Qados, A. M. S. (2011): effect s of salt stress on plant growth and
metabolism of bean Vicia faba (L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of
Agricultural Sciences. 10: 7-15
Anuradha S, Rao SSR (2001) Effect of brassinosteroids on salinity stress
induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of rice
(Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul.33: 151-153
Ashraf M, Harris PJC (2004) Potential biochemical indicators of salinity
tolerance in plant. Plant. Sci. 166: 3-16.
Amuthavalli P. and Sivasankaramoorthy S. (2012): Effect of salt stress on
the growth and photosynthetic pigments of pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan).
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science.2: 131-133.
Ashraf, M. and Iram, A. (2005): Drought stress induced changes in some
organic substances in nodules and other plant parts of two potential
legumes differing in salt tolerance. Flora, 200: 535-546.
Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2004): Potential biochemical indicators of
salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science journal, 166: 3–16.
Amini, F. and Ehasapour A. A. (2005): Soluble protein, proline,
carbohydrates
and
Na+/K+
changes
in
two
tomato
(lycopersiconesculentmil) cultivars under in vitro salt stress. American
Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 1; 202-286.
Ahmad, A.K.; Tawfik, K.M.; Zinab, K.M. and Abd El-Gawad, A. (2008a):
Tolerance of seven Faba bean varieties to drought and salt stresses.
Journal of Agriculture and Biology Science, 4(2): 175-186.
Ahmed, I. M., Dai, H., Zheng, W., Cao, F., Zhang, W., Sun, D., and Wu, F.
(2013): Genotypic differences in physiological characteristics in the
tolerance to drought and salinity combined stress between Tibetan wild
and cultivated barley. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry journal,
63:49-60.
Ballibrea, M.E., Rus-Alvarez, A.M., Bolarín, M.C., Pérez-Alfocea, F. (1997):
Fast changes in soluble carbohydrates and proline contents in tomato
seedlings in response to ionic and non-ionic iso-osmotic stresses.
Journal of Plant Physiology, 151(2): 221-226.
Bates LS, Waldren R P, Teare ID (1973). Rapid determination of free proline
for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39:205-207.
Ben-Hayyim, G., Faltin, Z., Gepstein, S., Camoin, L., Strosberg, A. D. and
Eshdat, y. I. (1993): Isolation and characterization of salt-associated
protein in Citrus. Plant Science, 88: 129-140.
Boursiac, Y., Chen, S.; Luu, D.T.; Sorieul, M.; van den Dries, N. and Maurel,
C. (2005): Early effects of salinity on water transport in Arabidopsis
roots. Molecular and cellular features of aquaporin expression. Plant
Physiology, 139: 790-805.
Breusegem, F. V., Vranova, E., Dat, J. F. and Inze, D. (2001): The role of
active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Science, 161:
405-414.
Chen, C.; Tao, C.; Peng, H. and Ding, Y. (2007): Genetic analysis of salt
stress responses in asparagus bean (Vignaunguiculata L. ssp.
Sesquipedalisverdc.). Journal of Hered., 98 (7): 655–665.
Debez A., Chaibi W., Bouzid S. (2001): Effect du NaClet de regulatoeurs de
croissancesur la germination d'Atriplexhalimus L. Cah Agric. 10:
135-138
Dubey, R.S and Rani, M. (1989): Influence of NaCl Salinity on Growth and
Metabolic Status of Protein and Amino Acids in Rice Seedling. 162:
prnd97 – 106.
Fales, F. W (1951): The assimilation and degradation of carbohydrate by
yeast cells. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 113-124.
Flowers, T.J. and Flowers, S.A. (2005): Why does salinity pose such a
difficult problem for plant breeders? Agricultural Water Management,
78:15-24.
Gilbert, G.A.; Gadush, M.V.; Wilson, C. and Madore, M.A. (1998): Amino
Acid accumulation in sink and source tissues of Coleus blumeiBenth.
