International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.25, 1-9
7
Iron concentration levels of muscle and gills were
found to be 1.42 and 8.12 µg g
-1
in
Thalassoma
trilobatum
and
Saurida tumbil
.
Uluozlu et al. (2007)
have been reported the iron values as 68.6-163 µg g
-1
and these values are higher than the present study and
lower value are reported by Tariq et al. (1994) and
Asharaf et al. (1991) as 0.782-4.217 and 1.550-6.715
µg g
-1
respectively. Iron is a mineral essential for the
life and for our diets. It is known that adequate iron in
a diet is very important for decreasing the incidence of
anemia. Iron deficiency occurs when the demand for
iron is high, e.g., for growth, high menstrual loss and
pregnancy (Lynch and Baynes, 1996). Poor
bioavailability is considered to be an important factor
leading to iron deficiency in many countries.
Magnesium showed highest concentration in gill
tissues than the muscle (33.1-9.74 µg g
-1
) and these
values are lower than the values reported by Dhaneesh
et al. (2012) (99.84-79.99 µg g
-1
). According to
NAS-NRC (1974), total daily intake of Mg varies
from 2.5 to 7 mg in humans.
Average manganese contents of the fish samples were
varied from 0.08-0.84 µg g
-1
in gill and muscle and
these values are lower than the previous reports
(Uluozlu et al., 2007; Biswas et al. 2011). Manganese
is an essential element for both animals and plants and
its deficiency results in severe skeletal and
reproductive abnormalities in mammals (Sivaperumal
et al., 2007). However, manganese has human
requirements or levels of absorption from the diet
been clearly determined (Hurley, 1984; Tinggi, 1997).
In the present study, concentration of nickel was
varied from 0.01to 0.97 µg g
-1
and these values were
higher than the previous reports (Topcuoglu et al.,
2011; Mendil et al., 2010). Nickel is a hazardous
element notified by the USFDA (1993), though not
covered by EC regulations for fish and other aquatic
products. WHO (World Health Organization, 1994)
recommends 100-300 µg nickel for daily intake.
Lead concentrations were ranged from 0.12 to 2.05 µg g
-1
and these were lower than the value reported by Chale
(2002) (4.9-5.30 µg g
-1
) and Park and Presley (1997)
(1.95 to 4.79 µg g
-1
). For an average adult (60 kg body
weight), the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI)
for iron, copper and zinc were 241 µg, 48 mg and
60 mg, respectively (Joint FAO/WHO, 1999).
According to WHO (1989), the maximum permissible
limit of lead was 0.2 mg/kg. In the present study, the
lead values in Cuddalore were higher than the
permissible limits.
Zinc concentration was ranged from 0.81 to 2.11 µg g
-1
and these values were lower than the previous reports
(Turkmen et al., 2009; Biswas et al., 2011). Zinc, is an
essential micronutrient and as a constituent of many
enzymes, it is responsible for certain biological
functions, for which relatively higher level is required
to maintain them (Heath, 2000). The recommended
daily allowance is 10 mg/day in growing children and
15 mg/day for adults (NAS-NRC, 1974). A deficiency
of zinc is marked by retarded growth, loss of taste and
hypogonadism, leading to decreased fertility. Zinc
toxicity is rare but, concentrations in water, up to 40
mg/kg, may induce toxicity, characterised by
symptoms of irritability, muscular stiffness and pain,
loss of appetite and nausea (NAS-NRC, 1974).
Aluminium concentration ranged from 1.26 to 3.98 µg g
-1
and these values are higher than the earlier reported
values of 0.45-1.50 µg g
-1
dry weight in fish species
from Iskenderun bay, north-east Mediterranean Sea,
Turkey (Turkman et al., 2005). Ranau et al. (2001)
have reported aluminium levels in the fish samples
and they found higher aluminium accumulation in
species as 0.02-5.41 µg g
-1
. Aluminum is not
considered to be an essential element in humans.
Exposure to aluminium has been implicated in a
number of human pathologies including
encephalopathy/dialysis dementia, Parkinson disease
and Alzheimer’s disease (Narin et al., 2004). The
permissible aluminium dose for an adult is quite high
(60 mg/day) (World Health Organization, 1989). It is
reported that maximum aluminium levels in some
food samples are 15 mg/kg (Anon., 2002).
Cr is an essential mineral for humans and has been
related to carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.
The maximum permitted level of Cr for human
consumption is 50 μgg
−1
as per WHO (1989). In the
present study, concentration of chromium was varied
from 0.25 to 1.76 µg g
-1
. Canli and Atli (2003) have
reported higher values (1.24-2.42 µg g
-1
) and Kwon and
Lee (2001) have reported lower chromium concentration
than the present study. Average boron contents of fish
samples were ranged from 0.17-1.87 µg g
-1
. Yilmaz et al.
