International Journal of Horticulture, 2016, Vol.6, No.2, 1-10
9
heterotic performance for agro-economic traits leading to separate them from the above parental cluster.
The analysis of genetic relationships in cashew using morphological traits and RAPD banding data can be useful
for plant improvement, description of new variety and also for assessing varietal purity in plant certification
programmes (Samal et al., 2003b). Cashew hybrids comprising the most divergent broad genetic group ‘Cluster-I’
had shown significantly above average productivity.
Phylogenetic tree based on RAPD markers which correlated
with morphological characters was developed by Betal et al. (2004). Lavanya et al. (2008) reported typical
agronomic performance of genotypes that were included in each of the clusters based on RAPD. Such a
distribution of clusters based on agronomic performance and supported by RAPD profile are a very good starting
point for further breeding efforts involving contrasting parental lines, and will further enable tagging of genes and
identification of QTLs for these traits with molecular markers. Ghafoor et al.
(2005) identified few QTLs for
agro-economic traits based on significant correlation of polypeptide bands with the quantitative traits. It is worth
to note that a RAPD band of amplicon size 1150 bp (amplified by primer OU 32) was revealed only in first four
top ranking high yielding cashew hybrids e.g., D 19, H 6, B 27 and A 71. Such a DNAmarker might be linked to a
major QTL for nut yield in cashew nut and therefore, may serve as a molecular marker for identification of high
yielding cashew genotypes. Shobha and Thimmappaiah (2011) identified RAPD markers linked to nut weight and
plant stature in cashew. Similarly, Ghallab et al.
(2007) correlated superiority of two mungbean genotypes (L
2520 and L 1720) in seed yield with absence of two bands at around 94.6kd and a presence of a polypeptide band
with molecular weight 12.1kd under drought stress condition. However, such an interpretation needs critical
validation.
Thus, the RAPD markers can generate wide array of polymorphism for varietal identification and study of genetic
diversity, and could be successfully used in conjunction with morpho-economic traits for genotype sorting to
support cashew breeding programme. The high yielding divergent cashew hybrids H 6 and D 19 identified in this
study, can be used in cashew breeding programme for further genetic improvement of nut quality and yield
per se.
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