International Journal of Clinical Case Reports 2018, Vol.8, No.2, 5-9
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Figure 11 1982 revised SLE Classification Criteria
Note: The proposed classification is based on 11 criteria. For the purpose of identifying patients in clinical studies, a person shall be
said to have SLE if any four or more of the 11 criteria are present, serially or simultaneously, during any interval of observation.
Treatment is aimed at symptom control. There are very few large, controlled studies that describe the management
of this chronic disease comprehensively. The efficacy of methotrexate (Ruzicka and Goerz, 1981), dapsone
(Edwards and Gayford, 1977) and gold (Gardner-Medwin and Powell, 1994) is described in isolated cases and
small series.
Thalidomide should be of benefit on theoretical grounds (Cojocaru et al., 2011). Antimalarials
(hydroxychloroquine and mepacrine) and azathioprine in patients with oral manifestations of LE, LP and lichen
sclerosus, and have found to be of significant benefit.
Expression of immunofluorescence in almost all cases emphasizes the importance of the direct
immunofluorescence, differentiating LE with other diseases as oral lichen planus. However, as some cases were
negative to any immunological marker, diagnosis should not be relying on immunofluorescence results alone.
Clinical, histopathological and immunopathological correlation is imperative in order to accomplish a correct
diagnosis (Berbert and Mantese, 2005).
Authors’ contributions
S.L. collected records, observations, investigations and diagnosis, Y.M. edited reading and checked references and R.S. drafted
manuscript. There was no conflict of interest. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Swapnil Karnik (M.D) Onco and Renal Histopathologist, (Megavision Labs,
Pune, Maharashtra, India) for the immunofluorescent studies. Authors disclose that no financial funding or support was provided by
any agency/institute for the the compilation of the case report or manuscript.
