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The Atlas of Caspian Sea Hydromorphology
Introduction
The Atlas of Caspian Sea Hydromorphology can be applied as a
functional manual in designing and exploitation of oil and gas
resources in continental shelf and abyssal zones, likewise it can be
used in seafaring, fishing, fishery, dealing with problems related to
the protection of marine environment, and forecasting the climate of
the region. The history of scientific researches done on the Caspian
Sea water resources reveals that climatological observations were
done in Caspian Sea during the eighteenth century. During the last
100 years, important activities have also been done on measurement
of marine parameters by Azerbaijan Meteorological Organization
(Azhydromet), Azerbaijan Institute of Geography, Transcaucasia
Science and Research Institute of Climatology (Zaknigmi), State
Oceanographic Institute of Russia (Goin), National Research Center
of Caspian sea (CSNRC), and other research institutes. It should be
noted that before the Soviet Union’s formation, the number of marine
stations were so rare and the observations, which were done over the
ships, were mostly limited to the investigation on hydrology parameters.
Since 1992 and with the establishment of climatology services department
in Azerbaijan, the climatology networks started developing. From
1929 to 1936 the network of climatological stations was created in all
the Caspian Sea coasts and in 1952 a technical climatological station
was established in Neftanieh Kamni region. In 1961, the fixed network
of littoral climatological stations was distinguished from the existing
ones. In this time, the fixed and portable stations were chosen as the
centennial stations. In this regard, the Baku, Fort-Shevchenko,
