International Journal of Marine Science, 2017, Vol.7, No.38, 371-379
371
Research Article Open Access
A Brief Comparison of Fisheries Livelihoods Strategy: Countries’ Experiences of
Japan and Indonesia
Achmad Zamroni
1
, Michiko Amano
2
, Masahiro Yamao
2
1 Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio Economics, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Gedung Balitbang KP 1, Komplek Bina Samudera, Jl.
Pasir Putih 1 Ancol Timur Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Food and Resource Economic Division, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Laboratory of Food Production Management, Department of Bioresource
Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Marine Science, 2017, Vol.7, No.38 doi
Received: 21 Jul., 2017
Accepted: 21 Aug., 2017
Published: 22 Sep., 2017
Copyright © 2017
Zamroni et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Zamroni A., Amano M., and Yamao M., 2017, A brief comparison of fisheries livelihoods strategy: countries’ experiences of Japan and Indonesia, International
Journal of Marine Science, 7(38): 371-379 (doi
Abstract
Differences in socio economic status of coastal community in developed country and developing country have an impact
on behavior of people in dealing with development of livelihoods strategy. The objective of this paper is to compare the strategy of
fishermen to develop fisheries livelihood activities. The comparison of fishermen’s strategy in different countries includes
socio-economy characteristics of fishermen at study sites, challenges and opportunities in developing coastal livelihoods, fishers’
perception and stakeholder participation in developing fisheries livelihoods. This study was conducted in Akitsu
Cho
(town), Higashi
Hiroshima
Shi
(city), Hiroshima
Prefecture
(province) and Hinase
Cho
(town), Bizen
Shi
(city), Okayama
Prefecture
(province), in
Japan and two coastal villages in Indonesia namely Laikang Village in South Sulawesi province and Serewe Village in West Nusa
Tenggara Province by administering semi-structured and structured questionnaires. Secondary data were included from statistics,
published books, scientific journals and other resources. Descriptive analysis used to interpret the data. The findings show that
developing fisheries livelihood in two countries in Asia have different circumstances and different strategies. Based on the above
circumstances, women of fishermen’s village can get their idea of consumer’s needs and also create their opinions. Indonesian coastal
villages have more to conduct double strategy. It means, fishermen conducted two different livelihood activities by family
anticipating for low fisheries season and/or off fisheries season. In Japan side, fishermen spend more time for marketing through both
direct and indirect channel by women which improve their household income.
Keywords
Poverty; Fisheries livelihood; Coastal community
Introduction
Poor society in almost all developing countries suffers from low quality of human resources, low income and
productivity. They are unable to fully benefit from natural and economic sources. Farrington et al. (1999) argued
that poverty is not only equated with inadequacy and dissatisfaction with income and consumption, but also
characterized as the situation that is insecure or vulnerable, and inability in households, communities or
governance systems. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) was introduced many types of coastal management
projects, which aimed to reduce poverty, improve livelihoods and enhance sustainable use of coastal resources.
These projects were usually consisted both environmental and socio-economic aspects (Dahuri et al., 1999;
Hanson et al., 2003; Idris, 2004; White et al., 2005; Dudley and Gofar, 2005).
Over fishing affected the decreased amount of fish catch. Thus, fishermen cannot expect too much to fishing
activity and they conduct marine culture fisheries as alternative income sources. In Japan, according to Schmidt
(2003), fisheries as part of livelihood activity in coastal area have a story. First, fish is a important for the national
diet. Second, they used coastal community based fishery management as a tool to ensure the fish-harvest in
sustainable way with community plays an important role in management.
Related to household income, it needs to be taught how fisher cannot depend on the fishing activity alone and how
can we empower their family to get the additional income. In Indonesia, marine culture fisheries have been done
by fishermen for many years, contributing to the revitalization of the local economy. It is noteworthy that some
