International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol.7, No.5, 31
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41
33
automatic serum analyser and kits (AUTOPAK, Bayer Diagnostics India) following the phosphotungstate method.
Results obtained were expressed as mg dL
-1
of serum. Serum Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLVD)
was estimated using the Friedewald formula (Friedewald et al., 1972; Allain et al., 1974).
VLVD-Chol = Serum triglycerides /5
And results obtained expressed as mg dL
-1
of serum.
The serum Low Density Lipoproteins was estimated mathematically as the difference between the serum total
cholesterol and the sum of the Very Low Density Lipid cholesterol and the High Density Lipid cholesterol
according to the Friedwald formula (Friedewald et al., 1972)
LDL-Chol (mg/dL serum) = Total Chol – (VLDL-Chol + HDL-Chol).
3 Statistical Analysis
Data obtained from the study were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 20.0
(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Significant differences among groups were identified by Duncan’s multiple test
(
P
< 0.05). Data are presented as mean ±SD.
4 Results
The physico-chemical properties of the culture water are presented in Table 1. It revealed that water temperature,
salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and unionized ammonia are within the optimum ranges for rearing Clariid fishes
(Boyd and Tucker, 1992).
Table 1 Physico-chemical properties of culture water
Parameter
Range
Mean
SD
pH
7.0 - 7.4
7.10
0.06
Alkalinity (mmol/L)
0.55 - 0.70
0.51
0.11
Ammonia Nitrogen (NH
+
4
mg/L)
0.12 - 0.70
0.15
0.03
Nitrates (NO
-
2
) (mg/L)
5.70 - 10.40
7.23
2.98
Nitrites (NO
-
3
) (mg/L)
0.014 - 0.048
0.02
0.001
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Temperature (°C)
5.17 - 7.05
27.5 - 30.8
6.34
26.49
1.17
2.14
Table 2 shows values obtained for the proximate and fumonisin B1 analysis of the experimental diets. It shows the
experimental diets had higher concentrations of FB
1
than as was introduced at the time of production namely, the
formulated diets had fumomnisin B1 concentrations of 2.37; 14.68; 24.74; 43.04 and 82.77 mg. kg
-1
FB
1
for diets
F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4 respectively.
4.1 Serum biochemistry
Diets F3 and F4 produced marginal but significant (p < 0.05) hypoproteinemia at 7 days of feeding compared with
the control diet (Diet F0) and the other diets (Diet F1 and F2). At days 28 and 56 of the dietary experiment, the
results obtained for the serum total protein analysis showed that there was no significant variation (p > 0.05)
between the serum total protein concentration of fish fed the control diets (diet F0) and fish fed the diets amended
with various amounts of fumonisin B1 (i.e diets F1; F2; F3 and F4). Feeding on diets F3 and F4 elicited mild but
significant (p < 0.05) hyperalbuminemia in exposed fishes at 7 days of feeding compared to fishes fed the control
diet and fishes feed diet F1 and F2 at the same time intervals. At days 28 and 56, fishes fed diet F4 had
significantly (p < 0.05) elevated serum albumin concentration compared with fishes fed the control diet (diet F0)
and diets F1, F2 and F3 (Table 3; Table 4).
Dietary exposure to varied amounts of fumonisin B1 caused significant (p < 0.05) elevation of serum globulin
concentration in fishes fed diet F2 and marked reduction in serum globulin concentration in fishes fed diet F3 and
