Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 134-146 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 140 soil, but also blocks the reproduction of some pests during the idle period. Some studies have interplanted legume green manures between sugarcane roots and sugarcane rows, and found that the lush green manure growth period has a certain interference effect on sugarcane aphids, which may be because the abundant green manure vegetation provides shelter for aphids (Rhodes et al., 2014). At the same time, during the flowering period of green manure crops, it can also provide pollen nectar for natural enemies such as predation mites and parasitic wasps, thereby increasing the number of natural enemies in the field and indirectly suppressing pest populations. It is necessary to note that the selected cover or green manure plants cannot become hosts of major diseases and insects themselves to avoid backfire. 5.3 Improve field microclimate and ecosystem stability Optimizing the field management of sugarcane and creating microclimatic conditions that are not conducive to the reproduction of diseases and pests is one of the effective ways to reduce the risk of diseases and pests. The microenvironment of high temperature and high humidity in the cane fields often contributes to the harm of pests and diseases. Therefore, through reasonable agronomic measures to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce field humidity, many pests and diseases can be suppressed. Appropriately reducing the planting density and opening a ventilated work path will help reduce the wetting time of the leaves, thereby reducing the prevalence of leaf diseases such as rust and red stripes. For example, clearing the remaining dead leaves in the fields in time not only reduces the overwintering places of pathogenic bacteria, but also reduces the chance of laying eggs and hatching in the residual leaves. In terms of drainage and irrigation management, promptly eliminating the water accumulation in the field after rain can avoid root diseases and maggots caused by excessive soil; rational irrigation in the dry season can prevent sugarcane plants from being susceptible to disease and pest infection due to physiological stress. The stability of field ecosystems is also crucial to inhibiting pest outbreaks. When the field biodiversity is high and the food web structure is complex, it is difficult for a single pest population to grow infinitely (Shang et al., 2024). Therefore, by creating a good field ecology, the automatic regulation of ecological balance on diseases and insects can be exerted. For example, some studies have compared the occurrence of sugarcane borer and its natural enemies under different soil conditions. The results show that under organic fertilizer conditions, there are more predatory natural enemies such as ants in the soil, and the degree of harm to borer is reduced (Roy et al., 2019). This suggests that improving soil physical and chemical traits is not only beneficial to crops, but also to the survival of beneficial organisms, thereby enhancing ecosystem stability. 6 Physical and Behavioral Regulation Methods 6.1 Strategy for laying trap devices and sexual attractants Using insect tactic and behavioral characteristics for trapping is one of the important measures for green prevention and control of sugarcane pests. Sex pheromone trapping technology is more mature in the prevention and control of sugarcane borer. By hanging a sugarcane borer sex attractant trap in the field, releasing female extrahormones and luring male insects into traps or flooding, it can effectively interfere with the mating and reproduction of borer borer. Experiments have shown that the sexual attraction method can reduce the mating rate of sugarcane borer in the fields by about 96.8%, and the interference effect is significantly better than conventional spraying to prevent and treat. In actual promotion, traps are usually placed in advance according to the peak period of adult borers, and a certain number is set per mu to achieve continuous luring and killing adults in the field. To improve trapping efficiency, researchers have developed a variety of new types of traps. For example, some experiments compared the effects of sugar borer trapping different traps in the early stage, and found that the trapping volume of new triangular traps was about 44% higher than that of traditional water basin traps. In addition, enhancers such as plant volatiles can be added to the inducing formula according to pest habits to improve the specificity and attraction of trapping (Liu et al., 2020). In addition to sexual attractants, food attractants (such as sweet and sour liquid), photoconductive devices, etc. are also used in monitoring and control of sugarcane pests. For example, using the chemotaxis of sugarcane borer adults and setting up molasses bait in the fields can lure and kill some adults. For example, for sugarcane hawk moth pests, fermented pineapple juice that they like to eat can be used as a lure to lure adults to gather and hunt. When laying out these physical trapping
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