Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 134-146 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 139 4.3 Synergistic effects of biological control and other measures Biocontrol is often achieved in the comprehensive management of sugarcane pests and diseases. Single natural enemy or microbial control is sometimes subject to environmental conditions or pest density, and combining it with agricultural and physical control means can form synergistic effects with complementary advantages (Shang et al., 2024). In the prevention and control of sugarcane borer borer, the integrated application of sexual attractant trapping technology with biological control measures such as red-eyed wasp and biological pesticides can significantly reduce the base of borer population and reduce the frequency of chemical pesticide application. A review pointed out that the large-scale use of sex pheromones to interfere with borer mating can reduce the mating rate of borer in the field by about 96.8%, which is significantly better than the prevention and control effect of pure chemical pesticides; combined with red-eyed bees, the prevention and control effect is more ideal. Similarly, in the control of sugarcane aphids, if the natural enemies such as ladybugs and selves are protected and utilized on the one hand to control aphids, and on the other hand, they combine the planting of silver-gray reflective crops or installing silver-gray film to avoid aphid colonization, the two can achieve better damage control effects than a single measure (Srikanth, 2016). In addition, biological control and chemical control are not absolutely excluded. Under the green prevention and control framework, timely and reasonably supplemented with high-efficiency and low-risk chemicals can make up for the shortage of slow results in biological prevention and control, while avoiding drug resistance caused by excessive medication. In Brazil's sugarcane borer IPM practice, parasitic wasp release, biopesticide spraying and necessary chemical trapping were used, which reduced the hazards of borer to below the economic threshold after many years of application. 5 Agricultural Ecological Regulation Technology 5.1 The effect of rational rotation and intercropping mode on pest inhibition To disrupt the life cycle of diseases and pests by adjusting the planting system is one of the basic measures for green prevention and control. Sugarcane is a perennial crop, and continuous crop cultivation can easily lead to the accumulation of soil disease sources and insect sources. Rational rotation of crops can cut off the infection chain of diseases and pests in space and time. For example, in plots with severe smut disease disease, changing to plant rice or other crops for 1 to 2 years after harvest can effectively reduce the retention of smut disease spores in the soil, thereby reducing the incidence of the next round of sugarcane planting (Vuyyuru et al., 2019). Similarly, rotational legume crops not only improve soil nutrients, but also reduce the habitat and reproduction of soil pests such as sugarcane scarab larvae, because these pests are difficult to harm in non-host crop fields. Intercropping is also a way to regulate the ecological control of sugarcane fields. Interplanting certain crops between sugarcane rows can not only improve land utilization but also inhibit pests. Studies have shown that compared with single-camped sugarcane, the degree of harm of borer borer is reduced in the sugarcane-legum crop intercrop model, which is believed to be due to legumes providing food sources for natural enemy insects and interfering with borer egg laying behavior (Jhansi, 2020). In addition, some intercroppings that repel or lure crops can also reduce the chance of pests feeding sugarcane. Experiments have found that intercropping sugarcane with aromatic plants can avoid pests such as sugarcane thrips to a certain extent (Singh et al., 2021). 5.2 Selection of cover crops and green manure plants Planting cover crops or green manure crops in the cane field can not only improve soil fertility and reduce soil erosion, but also have a certain regulatory effect on pests and diseases. Some cover crops can inhibit weed growth, thereby reducing the intermediate hosts of pests and diseases. Planting low-short cover plants such as sky blue alfalfa and clover can reduce the density of weeds in the field and reduce the hidden habitat and breeding space of pests such as scale insects and aphids in the cane field (Reddy, 2017). Green manure crops such as field green cyanine and legume green manure release certain metabolites released when returning to the field have certain antibacterial and insecticidal effects, and can reduce soil-borne diseases and underground pests. For example, cyanate substances produced by decomposition of cyanine have been reported to have inhibitory effects on some soil pathogenic fungi. For example, planting green manures such as marigolds can secrete root allelopathic substances, significantly reducing soil nematode density. For crops like sugarcane with long growth periods, green manure is used to plant green manure in the previous season or intermittent seasons, which not only fertilizes the
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==