Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 134-146 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 138 sugarcane aphids achieve good damage control effects after being released in some areas (Figure 2) (Jaimes-Orduña et al., 2020). At the same time, using agricultural ecological measures to protect local natural enemy resources (such as retaining small ecological areas in the fields for natural enemy habitats, planting flowering plants as nectar sources, etc.) is also an important link in biological control. For example, some scholars have proposed to interplant the lac scale (lac insect) in sugarcane fields to enhance the population of parasitic wasps in natural enemies in sugarcane fields. Figure 2 Melanaphis sacchari predators and parasitoids found in Nuevo León, Mexico. (A) Allograpta sp. in adult status, (B) Chilocorus cacti (left), and Chilo- corus stigma (right), (C) Olla v-nigrum, (D) Chrysoperla sp., (E) Allograpta sp. (left) in larval status, and Cycloneda sanguinea (right), (F) Hippodamia conver- gens, (G) Ocyptamus dimidiatus, (H) Scymnus sp., (I) Pachyneuron sp., (J) Aphid- ius sp., (K) Melanaphis sacchari mummies (Adopted from Jaimes-Orduña et al., 2020) 4.2 Evaluation of the types of microbial pesticides and field effects Microbiological pesticides are specialized, efficient, and environmentally friendly, and have broad prospects for application in sugarcane pest control. Commonly used microbial pesticides include: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) preparations, which can produce toxic proteins to effectively kill lepidopteran larvae such as borer; fungal preparations such as lepidopteran borer and lepidopteran larvae, which can infect and cause death of pests such as sugarcane borer and scarab larvae; nuclear polyhedral virus (NPV) preparations have good control effects on sugarcane smut disease pests; and antagonistic fungal bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzilla, which can be used to prevent and treat sugarcane smut disease and red rot (Almeida, 2019). Studies have shown that these microbial pesticides are safer for non-target organisms and the environment and can significantly reduce the amount of chemical pesticides used in sugarcane fields. India and other countries have promoted Bt preparation spray to prevent and control sugarcane borer, which has a considerable effect on borer than conventional chemical pesticides but is more friendly to natural enemies. A field experiment evaluated the prevention and control effect of white pellets on sugarcane underground pest granulates, and the results showed that its larval survival rate was greatly reduced and had no adverse effects on soil microorganisms (Huang et al., 2021). For example, in the study of using antagonistic bacteria to prevent and treat sugarcane smut, the selected Bacillus strains can not only inhibit the growth of smut bacteria, but also promote the growth of sugarcane seedlings. Field demonstrations of microbial pesticides carried out in major endemic areas of sugarcane show that timely application of preparations such as Bt and viruses can reduce the field population of Lepidopteran pests such as borer and new pineapple ash butterfly by more than 50%, and reduce the harm of subsequent generations.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==