Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 134-146 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 137 control effect is declining year by year (Shang et al., 2024); Second, broad-spectrum pesticides kill beneficial organisms in the field, destroy ecological balance, and induce rampant secondary pests; Third, chemical pesticides remain in the sucrose stems and the environment, threatening food safety and ecological security. In contrast, green prevention and control pays more attention to source prevention and comprehensive governance. For example, in the prevention and control of sugarcane borer borer, green control emphasizes reducing the borer population by releasing natural enemies and biological pesticides, rather than spraying pesticides alone. Although green prevention and control measures usually take effect relatively slowly and require more refined field management, their advantages lie in their safety and stability. Many studies have pointed out that a comprehensive prevention and control strategy integrating a variety of green measures can achieve effective control of sugarcane diseases and pests while reducing the use of chemical pesticides. Sakuno et al. mentioned that the current comprehensive control (IPM) effect of sugar cane borer borer is sometimes affected by pesticide residues, environmental factors, etc., and the prevention effect is questionable, but these shortcomings are expected to be overcome through the development of new technologies such as genetically modified insect-resistant varieties (Sakuno et al., 2023). 3.3 The core principle of "prevention first and comprehensive governance" Green prevention and control of sugarcane pests and pests runs through the basic principle of plant protection of "prevention first and comprehensive governance". In terms of prevention, it is emphasized that the risk of pests and diseases can be reduced in the bud through measures such as selection of healthy seedlings, disease-resistant varieties, strengthening quarantine and field management. For example, strict quarantine for the transportation of sugarcane species can eliminate the spread of quarantine pests (such as sugarcane white leaf disease), and timely removal of diseased plants can reduce the source of initial infection in the field. Comprehensive management requires the use of agricultural, physical, biological and chemical means to form a systematic prevention and control effect based on the complex causes of sugarcane diseases and pests. "Prevention first" and "comprehensive governance" complement each other: if the prevention work is done well, the chance of disease and pest outbreak can be greatly reduced; when disease and pests occur, various prevention and control measures can work together to more effectively control the disease and pest population in the sugarcane field. In practice, the green sugarcane prevention and control system is based on prevention and comprehensively applies strategies such as ecological regulation, biological control, physicochemical inducing and controlling, and scientific drug use (Campbell et al., 2009). When preventing and controlling sugarcane borer, firstly, avoid prevention during the borer's peak period by adjusting the planting time. Secondly, insect-induced lamps and sexual lures are set up in the fields to lure adults, and then control larvae by releasing red-eyed bees and biological pesticides. When necessary, highly efficient and low-toxic agents are used to prevent and control emergency control, and organically combine measures in all aspects (Ruhela and Ruhela, 2024). 4 Research and Application of Biological Control Strategies 4.1 Release application of predatory insects and parasitic bees Using natural enemies to control harm is an important part of green sugarcane prevention and control. For primary pests such as borer, the large release of parasitic and predatory natural enemies can effectively reduce the insect densities. In large-scale sugarcane planting areas in Brazil, the hazards of sugarcane worms are significantly controlled by the regular release of worm-borer egg parasites (Trichogramma galloi) and larval parasites (Cotesia flavipes). According to statistics, Brazil has a coverage area of 1.7 million hectares of sugarcane borer per year through parasitic wasps release (Parra et al., 2014). In China, red-eyed wasps have also been successfully used to control sugarcane borer borer: Releasing a certain number of red-eyed wasps cards per mu during the peak period of borer egg laying can greatly increase the parasitic rate of borer eggs, thereby reducing the harm of the new generation of larvae (Oliveira and Reigada, 2023). In terms of predatory natural enemies, parasitic wasps such as leech aphids can be used to control sugarcane aphids and scale insects, while predatory ladybugs such as heterochromatic ladybugs can prey on sugarcane field aphids, mealybugs, etc., and maintain the ecological balance of sugarcane crops (Souza et al., 2020). Studies have shown that introducing foreign dominant natural enemy species can establish effective populations in new production areas, such as Australian ladybugs targeting
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