Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 134-146 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 136 originally secondary pests have rapidly reproduced as major pests under new ecological conditions. For example, high temperatures are conducive to the large-scale breeding of sugarcane yellow aphids. Frequent extreme weather events may induce new epidemics such as sugar cane rust. In addition, climate warming also creates colonization opportunities for invasive alien organisms. Since the fall armyworm invaded China in 2019, it has also been reported that it harms sugarcane seedlings in some sugarcane production areas. Studies have shown that Fallia meadow has difficulty completing a life history in most sugar cane varieties, and the survival rate of young larvae is very low, but it can grow and develop smoothly on field weed cylindrical axes with a survival rate of 66% (Ramasubramanian et al., 2024). This reminds us that field weed management and habitat improvement are also important links in the comprehensive management of sugarcane pests. Figure 1 The major sugarcane borers (Adopted from Li et al., 2024) 3 Basic Concepts and Technical Framework of Green Prevention and Control 3.1 Definition of eco-friendliness and sustainability Green prevention and control of sugarcane pests is a plant protection strategy with ecologically friendly and sustainable development as its core concept. The so-called ecological friendship means that prevention and control measures should minimize damage to the environment and non-target organisms and maintain the balance of the agricultural ecosystem. Compared with traditional methods that rely on chemical pesticides, green prevention and control emphasizes the use of crops' own resistance, agricultural ecological regulation and biological natural enemies to control pests and diseases, so as to minimize the negative impact of the prevention and control process on the environment (Shukla et al., 2019). Sustainability emphasizes that prevention and control strategies remain effective in long-term applications, avoiding the accumulation of drug resistance and ecological damage, thereby ensuring the sustained and stable sugarcane production. In short, sugarcane green prevention and control pursues not only "temporary effectiveness", but also "long-term effectiveness and environmental security" to achieve the unity of economic, ecological and social benefits (Marodiyah, 2024). Practice in recent years has shown that by optimizing the planting system, protecting and utilizing natural enemies, and replacing biological pesticides, green control of major diseases and pests of sugar can achieve comparable effects as chemical control, while reducing the amount of pesticide use and residual risks, achieving a win-win situation between production and the environment (Parra et al., 2014). 3.2 Comparison with traditional chemical prevention and control Traditional chemical prevention and control relies on fast-acting pesticides and fungicides, which were the main means of sugarcane plant protection in the past. However, its disadvantages are becoming increasingly apparent: First, long-term single drug use causes resistance to pathogens and pest populations, and the prevention and
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