Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 134-146 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 135 protection, and it is urgent to establish an ecologically friendly and sustainable comprehensive prevention and control system. This study summarizes the green prevention and control strategies in the period of frequent occurrence of sugarcane pests: introduces the main types and occurrence patterns of sugarcane diseases and pests, elaborates on the concepts and technical frameworks of green prevention and control, and then reviews the research and application progress of biological control, agricultural ecological regulation, physical and behavioral control, anti-pest variety breeding, and information-based intelligent prevention and control measures. Based on the summary of the existing achievements, we propose ideas to organically combine various measures and build a comprehensive green prevention and control system for sugarcane diseases and pests, and look forward to the future development direction, in order to provide reference for the healthy development of the sugarcane industry. 2 The Main Types and Occurrence Rules of Sugarcane Pests and Diseases 2.1 Major diseases Common diseases of sugarcane include fungal or viral diseases such as black smut disease, sugarcane mosaic disease, red stripe disease (leaf blight), brown rust, pineapple disease, and white leaf disease caused by phytoplasma. Among them, smut is one of the most destructive diseases in China's sugarcane areas, which can cause general production cuts. Studies have shown that different sugarcane varieties have a large difference in resistance to smut disease, and breeding and promoting resistant varieties are the most economical and effective measures to prevent and control smut disease (Wei et al., 2013). Sugarcane brown rust has been prevalent in some sugarcane areas in recent years, and varieties with the rust-resistant gene Bru1 show high resistance to brown rust. Sugarcane mosaic disease is caused by viruses and can be transmitted through aphids. After infection, the plant growth is weak and the sugar yield decreases. Pineapple disease is often induced under low temperature and high humidity conditions, causing seedlings to rot. White leaf disease is a devastating quarantine disease that can cause the disease to albino and die. 2.2 Major pests Stembors are one of the most destructive insects in sugarcane worldwide. Sugarcane borer includes a variety of borer moths, including borer, 2-point borer, sugarcane heartworm, etc. Their larvae are borered into the stem to feed, causing dead heart seedlings and holes in the stem. At the least, they can reduce production and sugar, and at the worst, they can cause devastating losses. According to statistics, there are more than 50 types of sugarcane borer species recorded worldwide, covering Asia, America, Africa and other cane areas (Figure 1) (Wardhani et al., 2023; Li et al., 2024). In addition to borers, the prickly sucking pests in the cane field cannot be ignored. For example, sugarcane aphids suck juice in clusters and spread sugarcane virus; pests such as scaleworms and mealybugs can also lead to poor growth of sugarcane plants (Omkar and Tripathi, 2020). In terms of soil pests, underground pests such as ravens (graces) and termites feed on the root system, which affects the rooting of seedlings and the construction of cane plants. 2.3 The relationship between climatic conditions and field environment during the period of frequent periods The occurrence and development of sugarcane pests and diseases is closely related to the climate and environment. The high temperature and humidity season is often a period of frequent diseases and pests. In hot and rainy summers, the sugarcane fields are poorly ventilated and have high humidity, which is conducive to the prevalence of leaf diseases such as red stripes and rust. For example, continuous drought and high temperatures will weaken sugarcane resistance, causing the reproduction of borers to increase and become more rampant (Wang and Zhao, 2024). Some studies have pointed out that when you experience a drought and encounter heavy rainfall, soil-borne diseases such as smut disease are very likely to break out. The field cultivation environment also affects the occurrence of pests and diseases: continuous cropping will lead to the accumulation of soil pathogens and insect sources, while single varieties and dense planting will help the spread of pests and diseases. Climate change has further aggravated the risk of sugarcane pests in recent years. Against the backdrop of global warming, some
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