Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.6, 265-274 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 271 overall quality of life of patients (Yan et al., 2025). Mainstream oncology professional organizations recommend the implementation of comprehensive pain care, emphasizing the provision of physical, psychological and supportive services by a multidisciplinary team, and tailoring pain management plans for each patient (Mestdagh et al., 2023). Today, when opioid abuse has become a public health challenge, this comprehensive strategy is particularly important as it helps reduce opioid dependence and related risks (Habib et al., 2023). Another important value of these methods is that they can deal with the psychological emotions and daily functional problems associated with pain, which are usually difficult to be comprehensively improved by medication alone (Mestdagh et al., 2023). Current evidence-based guidelines recommend incorporating non-pharmacological approaches into standard treatment, especially for patients with advanced or long-term pain, and confirm their positive role in enhancing patient engagement, satisfaction and treatment compliance (Yan et al., 2025). 6.2 Research progress on personalized and precise intervention strategies An important trend in current cancer pain management is to provide tailor-made non-pharmaceutical interventions based on each patient's specific condition, pain mechanism and personal wishes. With the improvement of the chronic cancer pain classification system and the update of clinical guidelines, pain assessment has become more accurate and intervention measures have become more targeted. The uniform model is no longer used (Mestdagh et al., 2023; Inchingolo et al., 2024). The personalized plan will comprehensively consider the patient's pain type, comorbidiasis and psychosocial factors, and flexibly select various methods such as acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical therapy (Mestdagh et al., 2023; Inchingolo et al., 2024). Network integration analysis and comparative efficacy studies are gradually providing clinicians with the basis for ranking the effects of various non-pharmacological therapies, assisting them in making more reasonable and patient-oriented decisions (Ye et al., 2024). This precision strategy is expected to further enhance the therapeutic effect and patient satisfaction, and promote holistic and multimodal pain management to become a routine practice (Mestdagh et al., 2023; Inchingolo et al., 2024). 6.3 Future prospects of digital and intelligent technologies in pain management Digital and intelligent technologies are expected to significantly change the non-pharmaceutical intervention methods for cancer pain in the future. Technologies such as virtual reality (VR), mobile health (mHealth) applications and artificial intelligence (AI) assisted decision-making systems continue to develop, which can provide more personalized, easy-to-promote and user-friendly intervention methods (Azizoddin et al., 2021; Ghane et al., 2025). VR has demonstrated potential in alleviating pain and discomfort during cancer treatment. The mobile health platform can provide personalized education, symptom recording and behavioral support, thereby enhancing patients' participation and self-management ability (Groninger et al., 2022). Artificial intelligence algorithms are currently capable of improving pain assessment, predicting treatment outcomes, proposing personalized intervention plans, and even leveraging big data analysis to assist in remote monitoring and care. Despite the challenges in terms of data privacy, ethical use and fair accessibility, the combination of digital and intelligent technologies is expected to expand the coverage and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical pain management and lay the foundation for building a more flexible, responsive and patient-centered care model (Azizoddin et al., 2021; Ghane et al., 2025). 7 Concluding Remarks Non-pharmacological interventions, such as reflexology, massage, acupuncture, aromatherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, have shown significant effects in alleviating cancer-related pain, a fact that has been supported by multiple randomized controlled trials and comprehensive analyses. These methods are particularly useful as adjunct to conventional drug treatment, helping to relieve pain with fewer side effects and promoting more comprehensive and patient-focused pain management.
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