Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.6, 265-274 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 270 and unified operation standards are all indispensable. Relevant institutions should be equipped with executive personnel with corresponding qualifications, appropriate treatment facilities, and continuously carry out staff training and provide quality management resources. Multidisciplinary teamwork is of great significance and requires the joint participation of nurses, doctors and other medical personnel to jointly provide and follow up on these interventions, making them an integral part of holistic care (Swarm et al., 2019; Mestdagh et al., 2023). In clinical practice, it is necessary to formulate clear operation guidelines and evidence-based nursing procedures. Medical institutions should clearly define which patients are suitable for such interventions, the specific frequency of intervention, and how to evaluate the effects to ensure the consistency and safety of the implementation process. Regularly evaluating the intervention effect and patient satisfaction, and establishing relevant mechanisms to reduce nursing differences are of great significance for maintaining high standards of service quality and following up on the latest research progress (Yan et al., 2025). 5.2 Cost-effectiveness and potential for adoption in healthcare at all levels Non-pharmaceutical interventions have demonstrated good cost-effectiveness, especially when simplifying implementation or as patient self-management programs. For instance, pain management skills training conducted through a single follow-up call has been proven to increase the number of years of quality of life improvement (QALYs) at a reasonable cost and has the potential for widespread application (Li et al., 2023). Educational and monitoring interventions, such as the use of care toolkits and feedback systems, not only cost less than conventional care but also bring better pain control effects, which makes them attractive in various resource environments (Meads et al., 2019). Many non-pharmaceutical methods can be flexibly applied to different models such as outpatient services, community clinics and online medical consultations, which makes large-scale promotion possible. However, the initial investment in personnel training and facilities may put pressure on some institutions, and the specific benefits it can bring will also vary depending on the type of intervention, the implementation method and the patient group (Meads et al., 2019). Therefore, when evaluating these strategies, the health system needs to comprehensively consider both direct and indirect benefits, such as the reduction in drug dosage and the improvement of patients' self-management abilities. 5.3 Limitations and areas for improvement in clinical practice Although there is already a considerable amount of evidence to support it, some limitations in reality still affect the effective promotion and practical application of non-pharmaceutical intervention in cancer pain management. The quality of existing studies varies, the sample size is small, and the specific approaches are different. These factors make the research conclusions difficult to be universally applicable and also increase the difficulty of formulating unified guidelines (Yan et al., 2025). At present, there is still a lack of consensus on which intervention method is the most ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more high-quality comparative studies to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of different methods (Chapman et al., 2020; Ye et al., 2024; Su et al., 2025). The practical difficulties such as inadequate professional training, insufficient institutional support and inconsistent medical insurance reimbursement standards have also hindered the wide application of these methods. To overcome these difficulties, future research should focus on conducting high-quality clinical trials with larger scales and more unified methods. Meanwhile, the medical system also needs to increase investment in personnel training, basic conditions and policy improvement, so as to support non-pharmaceutical therapies as part of routine cancer treatment and achieve continuous and stable application (Mestdagh et al., 2023). 6 Progress and Prospect of Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer Pain 6.1 The role and value of non-pharmaceutical methods in multimodal pain management systems Non-pharmaceutical intervention has become a key part of the overall pain relief program for cancer patients. This type of method can not only be used in combination with medication but also address various problems caused by pain. For example, acupuncture, massage, reflexology and mind-body exercises, etc., can not only directly alleviate the sensation of pain, but also reduce the adverse reactions caused by drugs, thereby improving the
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