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The Atlas of Caspian Sea Hydromorphology
the important properties of northern part of Caspian Sea. But, the ice
formation in middle and south parts of sea happens in December,
January, and sometimes in February. Usually, the ice melts in the
second half of February to March.
Because of the lengthiness of Caspian Sea in meridian ward, the
water temperature varies a lot especially in winter. For instance, the
water temperature in north and adjacent to ices is between 0-0.5 degrees
centigrade and in south it is between 10-11 degrees centigrade. In
other words, the Caspian Sea water temperature variance in winter is
about 10 degrees centigrade; however, in summer this variance
decreases and reaches to 1-2 degrees centigrade. This means that
relative monotony happens in horizontal direction along the longitudinal
axis of the Caspian Sea. In summer, the water temperature in north
and south are respectively 24-25 degrees centigrade and 25-26 degrees
centigrade. In the same time, in eastern coast the water temperature is
1-2 degrees lower than the western coast of Caspian Sea.
1. The Atlas of Caspian Sea Geomorphology
The Atlas of Caspian Sea Geomorphology contains bathymetry figures,
seabed slope angle, big seabed roughness, and formal geomorphology
map of Caspian Sea bed and coasts. The bathymetry maps are drawn in
the scale of 1:1500000 based on hydrography data. In this map, in
addition to isobath curves, the depth of various parts of Caspian
seabed are presented (Figure 4). The depths are defined in proportion to
the surface level of -28 from the Baltic Sea water level. In this map, the
distance between isobath curves is not the same all over the Caspi-
