International Journal of Aquaculture, 2015, Vol.5, No.30 1
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Table 3 Carcass Proximate Composition African catfish fed diet with substituted levels of Kola Pod Husk meal
Initial
Diet 1
Diet 2
Diet 3
Diet 4
Diet 5
Moisture
64.67±0.02
d
70.10±0.01
a
69.67±0.01
b
68.88±0.01
c
70.11±0.01
a
69.51±0.01
b
Ash
1.81±0.00
d
2.89±0.00
b
3.29±0.01
a
2.69±0.00
c
2.80±0.01
b
2.73±0.00
c
Fibre
1.75±0.00
c
2.10±0.01
b
2.09±0.00
b
2.14±0.01
a
2.12±0.00
a
2.09±0.00
b
Lipid
2.24±0.00
e
3.08±0.00
d
4.35±0.01
a
3.08±0.00
d
3.26±0.02
c
3.66±0.01
b
Protein
13.11±0.02
e
16.61±0.01
d
17.24±0.00
a
16.55±0.01
e
17.27±0.01
a
16.68±0.01
c
CHO
16.34±0.00
a
5.22±0.01
c
3.36±0.01
e
6.66±0.01
b
4.44±0.02
d
5.33±0.01
c
Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05)
Keys: Diet 1= KPH 0:MM 100
Diet 2=KPH 25: MM 75
Diet 3=KPH 50: MM 50
Diet 4=KPH 75: MM 25
Diet 5=KPH 100: MM 00
Figure 1 Weekly growth pattern of
Clarias gariepinus
fed KPH
based diet
increased. Ash content ranged from 3.29% in Diet 1 to
2.73 in Diet 4. Fibre was higher in Diet 2 and 3
(2.14%) compared to other diet and the least value
was observed in Diet 1 and 2 (2.10), Protein ranged
from 17.27 % in Diet 1 and 3 to 16.61 in the control
diet, Moisture was higher in the control diet and Diet
3 (70.10%) while least values were observed in Diet 2
(68.88%).
4 Discussion
Only few study has consider the nutritive value of
KPH, the protein content observed in this study were
higher than 15.0 reported by Osineye et al. (2008).
Nutritional component of unconventional feed vary
with their composition, origin and processing methods,
20.87% CP was reported by Mustafa and Alamin
(2012) for watermelon seed while Elezuo et al.
(2011) and Essien et al. (2009) reported 16.95%
and 24.51% respectively for the same unconventional
feedstuff. Akegbejo-Samson et al. (2004), Sotolu and
Byanyiko (2010) and Tiamiyu et al. (2014) had also
reported 9%CP for
Parkia biglobosa
. Solomon and
Okomoda (2012) reported Crude protein of duckweed to
be 17.6% while Erdal et al
.
(2004) and Flavia et al.
(2008), had earlier reported 18.38% and 38.03% CP
for wet and dried duckweed respectively. According to,
the report of Falaye and Oloruntuyi (1998), the
usefulness of unconventional feedstuffs in fish
diets depends on certain factor such as
palatability, proximate composition, digestibility
and availability of nutrients. The protein value of
KPH and previously reported nutrient component
is higher than some conventional energy sources such
as maize hence may be suitable for incorporation in
fish feed to reduce feeding cost of the fish.
Kola-pod husk is a by-product during Kolanut production,
and over 1.5million tones is disposed off in
Nigeria annually (Opeke, 1984), constituting on
environmental nuisance and costing the government
so much money to render it physically, chemically
and biologically harmless. Harnessing this by-
products and. utilizing it in the formulation and
compounding of Livestock (especially fish) feed, will
not only eradicate its environmental disturbance in the
kola nut producing areas, but will remove the rivalry
for maize between man and animals, thus bringing
about a great reduction in the cost of producing
livestock feed and hence reducing the cost of
producing fish, and other livestock. The result of this
study on KPH as a feedstuff (major energy source) in
Diet of
Clarias gariepinus
diets revealed that up to
100% maize can be substituted with KPH without
