International Journal of Aquaculture, 2015, Vol.5, No.30 1
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6
2
obtained from vitalfeed shop, Onitsha Street, Wurukum,
Makurdi. Soybean, maize was purchased from North
Bank Market, Makurdi. Kola pod husk was obtained from
Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan, Oyo
State, Nigeria. Twenty five kilograms each of kola pod
husk was sun dried for a week to a constant weight. The
dried husks were milled and sieved to powder and
stored in airtight, moisture free container for feed
formulation.
Five kilogram of soybean was toasted in an electric
oven set at 100
0
c for 30 minutes (Eyo, 1999) allowed
to cool and milled to obtain soy bean meal (SBM) and
stored appropriately. Five kilogram of maize were also
milled to obtained yellow maize meal (YMM) and stored
according at room temperature. The ingredients were
measured using head pan scale weighing balance.
All the experimental diets in the study were formulated
using Pearson Square method. 40% crude protein diets
were prepared to meet protein requirement for the fish
with KPH replacing maize meal at varying level
{Control (KPH 0%) Diet 1 (KPH 25%), Diet 2 (KPH
50%), Diet 3 (KPH 75%), Diet 4(KPH 100%)} as
shown in Table 1. The feed ingredients for each of the
Diet were weighed, ground, mixed thoroughly and
warm water was added then stirred to form consistent
dough which was passed through a 2mm die pelleting
machine. The pellets produced were sundried to
constant weight; the dried pellets were stored for the
feeding trials which lasted for 8weeks.
Fifteen
Clarias gariepinus
fingerlings were evenly
distributed in each of the hapa. The daily feeding was
done by hand at 5% of the cumulative body weight
of each hapa. The daily ration was divided into two
feedings per day (08:00 and 16:00) and the fingerlings
were weight weekly so as to adjust the feed by virtue
of weight gained. A Tefal electronic digital scale was
used to measure weights of fingerlings per week
till the end of the experiment (8 weeks), growth
performance were estimated as stated below.
(a) Mean Weight Gain (MWG) = Mean final weight –
Mean initial weight
(b) Feed conversion ratio (FCR ) =
(c) Specific Growth Rate (%/day) =
Where Wt
1
= Initial weight gain
Wt
2
= Final weight gain
T
2
-T
1
= Duration (in days) considered between Wt
2
and Wt
1
(d) Protein efficiency ratio =
Where Protein fed =
(e) % survival rate =
Proximate compositions of KPH, diets formulated,
initial and final carcass of fish were determined
according to standard methods by AOAC (1990).
However Nitrogen free extracts in samples were
determined by difference. The analyses we re
conducted in triplicate and all reagents were of
analytical grade.
The data obtained from the study were analyzed using
Gen stat
®
discovery edition 4 and Minitab
®
14,
descriptive statistics were done and mean gotten were
subjected to analysis of variance, where significant
differences were obtained (P<0.05), means were
separated using Duncan’s least significant difference
(LSD).
3 Results
Proximate composition of Diet with inclusion of KPH
is shown in Table 1, result obtained reveals the
moisture content were significantly higher in Diet 4
(9.44%) while lower value (8.22%) were observed for
the control diet. Ash content ranged from 13.48% in
diet 4 to 8.42% in the control diet, the same trend of
low value was observed in fibre (6.21%) in the control
compared to the higher value recorded in Diet3 and 4
(7.43%), however highest values were observed for
Lipid, and NFE (6.01% and 29.33% respectively)
while diet 2 (3.31%) and diet 3(25.17%) had lower
value respectively for this parameters. Trend of protein
reveals increase in protein content as KPH increased in
the diet from Diet 1 (41.81) to Diet 5 (50.17). Table 2
shows the growth and nutrient utilization of fish fed
diets with inclusion levels of KPH as replacement for
maize. Result reveals that Final weight, weight gain
Protein efficiency ratio, percentage survival and
specific growth rate did not differs significantly when
control diet are compared to the experimental diets.
