International Journal of Aquaculture, 2015, Vol.5, No.30 1
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5
significant (p>0.05) effect on growth and nutrient feed
utilization. Hence suggesting an equal palatability and
acceptability by fish, similar assumption were also
made by Osineye et al. (2008) when they observed
that Tilapia fed 100% KPH were comparable to those
fed 100% maize meal. The idea of substituting
by-product for conventional feedstuffs seems to have
a general trend. Reports from several authors
usually concludes that increasing inclusion of most
of these by-products to the level of total
replacement spells a live weight reduction
(Adebowale and Olubamiwa,
2008; Olubamiwa,
2011). Bioflavonoid has long been identified as a
plant growth promoter in
Garcinia kola
seeds (Braid,
1991) nutritional trial also shows better growth
performance at inclusion level of 100gKg
-1
by
Solomon et al. (2014), hence since KPH is a
byproduct of Kola, it is strongly believed that it
contains some quantity of bioflavonoid thereby
improving growth rate. Gross energy content of maize
has been reported to be slightly higher in maize than
that of KPH (Osineye et al., 2008) however the effect
of this difference in gross energy may have been
cushioned by much higher protein level in KPH
observed to be higher than maize and thus was
reflected in the average growth rate observed in this
study, which was slightly higher but not significant
(p>0.05) than the average weight of those on KPH
diet. The slightly higher but not Significant Feed
Conversion Ratio observed in the diet with inclusion
of KPH could be attributed to higher crude fibre in
KPH, thus reducing the digestibility of the KPH,
relative to that of maize with a consequent relative
decline in the efficiency of KPH diet, thus raising the
Feed Conversion Ratio. Feed efficiency Ratio may not
speak much about the expected economic performance
of a diet, yet it is a good indicator of biological
efficiency. The close numeric values observed in the
diets may be inferred as indication of equivalent
biological efficiency. The combination of similar
weight gain FCE, FCR and presumed lowered feed cost
per gram weight gain of the test organism feed the
experimental diet compared to the control is a welcome
development as demonstrate the biological and economic
suitability of the use of KPH in complete replacement for
maize in the diets of
Clarias gariepinus
.
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