Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2016, Vol.7, No.3, 1
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9
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and plant growth could be related to a decline in endogenous levels of phytohormones (Debez et al., 1997 and
Hamdia, 2016). Thus the present work carried out to study the response of maize, wheat, cotton, broad bean and
parsley plants to salinity and phtohormnal treatments concerning proline and sodium as osmotic stress signal
components.
1 Results and Analysis
1.1 Dry matter
Dry matter of shoots and roots of maize plant was progressively decreased with rise of osmotic pressure, the
percent of reduction at-1.2 MPa NaCl level was 27.3% and 40% in shoots and roots respectively (Table 1). In
shoots and roots of wheat plant while dry matter tended to smoothly increase in shoots, it tended to smoothly
decrease in roots up-0.6 MPa NaCl level, afterthat a significantly reduction was detected at the higher levels of
osmotic pressure. The percent of reduction was 15.4% and 32.9% of shoots and roots of wheat plant at -1.2 MPa
NaCl level (Table 1). It is an elevation trend on the production of dry matter at -0.3 MPa NaCl level of shoots and
roots of cotton plant, afterthen a reduction was observed, the percent of reduction at -1.2 MPa NaCl level was
32.9% and 28.6% in shoots and roots (Table 1). In broad bean plant dry matter remain more or less unchanged up
to -0.9 MPa NaCl level, obovethat a reduction was recorded. In broad bean plant, there is an enhancement effect
in the production of dry matter at -0.3 MPa NaCl level, then a reduction was recorded, the percent of reduction
was 20.8% and 13.9% in shoots and roots of broad bean plants (Table 1). While dry matter run with stable values
from control up to -0.9 MPa NaCl level, it shows a smooth reduction at -1.2 MPa NaCl level in shoots of parsley
plant. However, a significant reduction in dry matter was observed in roots of parsley plant.There is a surprising
data that dry matter generally in shoots of maize, wheat, broad bean and shoots and roots of parsley produce more
or less a stable trend with increasing osmotic stress.
Table 1 Effect of salinization levels and treatment with GA
3
or Kinetin (200 ppm) on dry matter (mg/plant) in shoots and roots of
maize, wheat, cotton, broad bean and parsley plants grown for
45-days
NaCl Maize
Wheat
Cotton
Broad bean
Parsley
-MPa Sh.%
Ro.%
Sho.%
Root%
Sho.%
Ro.%
Sho.%
Ro. %
Sho.%
Ro. 100
0
0.0
4.4 100 1.2 100 1.3 100
0.450 100 8.8 100
2.1 100
3.6 100 0.429 100
1.3 100
0.685 100
0.3
3.9 88
0.92 77 1.8 138
0.436 96 13.4 152
2.8 133
3.5 97
0.433 101
1.3 100
0.519 76
0.6
3.7 84
0.93 77 1.5 115
0.401 89 6.7 76.1 2.0 95
3.1 86
0.393 92
1.3 100
0.544 97
0.9
3.9 88
0.94 76 1.1 82
0.371 82 6.4 72.7 1.6 79
3.0 83
0.369 86
1.3 100
0.518 76
1.2
3.2 73
0.72 60 1.1 85
0.302 67 5.9 67.0 1.5 71
2.9 81
0.369 88
1.1 85
0.492 72
GA
3
0.0
5.2 18
1.3 10 3.2 246
0.558 124 10.7 121 2.6 123 3.6 100 0.533 124 2.6 200 0.841 132
0.3
8.5 193 1.5 125 2.5 192
0.555 123 12.7 144
2.4 114
3.5 97
0.628 146
1.6 123
0.696 102
0.6
6.1 138 1.7 41
2.0 1523 0.590 131 13.5 153
2.8 133
4.9 136 0.746 174
1.3 100
0.719 105
0.9
4.5 102 1.6 133 2.8 215
0.618 137 11.1 126
2.8 133
3.9 108 0.794 185
1.4 107
0.459 67
1.2
4.4 100 1.2 100 2.3 176
0.668 148 11.5 130
2.7 128
3.2 88
0.654 152
1.3 100
0.529 77
Kin.
0.0
8.4 190 1.7 141 2.9 223
0.811 186 12.6 133
3.3 157
3.2 88
0.710 165
1.8 138
1.3 190
0.3
7.5 175 1.4 116 2.6 200
0.776 177 10.4 118
3.1 147
3.5 97
0.719 99
1.6 123
1.0 146
0.6
7.3 65
0.97 80 2.0 153
0.523 119 10.4 118
3.1 147
3.9 108 0.617 144
1.8 138
0.804 117
0.9
7.1 161 0.94 78 1.6 123
0.523 116 11.3 128
2.5 119
3.2 88
0.632 147
1.3 100
0.800 117
1.2
5.9 134 0.92 79 1.2 92
0.470 104 10.2 115
2.4 114
3.1 86
0.579 134
1.3 100
0.732
L.S.D.5%
0.84
0.13
0.115
0.014
1.5
0.369
0.254
0.017
0.1
0.011
Note: Significance of differences to control: P 0.05%
1.2 Proline
Proline content was significantly decreased in both shoots and roots of maize plants; this reduction was most
obvious in roots starting up to -0.3 MPa NaCl level than in shoots (Figure 1a; Figure 1b). The percent of reduction
was 20% and 66% in shoots and roots respectively. However, in shoots and roots of wheat plant proline was
markedly increased with increasing osmotic pressure especially at higher osmotic stress (Figure 2a; Figure 2b).
This activation was more pronounced in shoots than in roots, the percent of ac tivation was 233.3% and 109.5% at
