Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2016, Vol.7, No.3, 1
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Table 4 Effect of different osmotic stress levels and treatments with GA
3
or kinetin on proline content (mg/g.d.m.) in shoots and roots
parsley plant grown for 45-day
Treat.
NaCl
Parsley
-MPa
Shoot
%
Root
%
0
0.0
1.2
100
0.55
100
0.3
1.3
108.3
0.63
114.5
0.6
1.3
108.3
0.69
125.5
0.9
1.4
116.7
0.66
120
1.2
1.5
121.9
0.69
125.5
GA
3
0.0
0.76
63.3
0.39
70.9
0.3
0.86
71.7
0.53
96.4
0.6
0.64
53.3
0.46
83.6
0.9
0.74
61.7
0.47
85.5
1.2
0.1
8.33
0.46
83.6
Kin.
0.0
0.73
60.8
0.32
58.2
0.3
0.49
40.8
0.24
43.6
0.6
0.49
40.8
0.15
27.3
0.9
0.56
46.7
0.16
29.1
1.2
0.49
40.8
0.08
14.5
L.S.D. 5%
0.04
0.01
Note: Significance of differences to control P 0.05
%
This strategy of proline and dry matter was concomitant with the increase of Na
+
content. The organ that the most
reduced dry matter accumulated Na
+
only as in wheat, another accumulated both Na
+
and proline was recorded as
in shoots of broad bean. However, the organ which more reduces dry matter accumulated more proline as roots
parsley. The percentage of increasing in Na
+
was 20%, 25%, 49%, 30%, 49% and 14.5 - folds for shoots and roots
of three tested plants. Proline accumulation, a common metabolic response of plants subjected to salinity stress, is
considered to be involved in stress-tolerance mechanisms (Majid et al., 2012; Lutts et al., 1999; Nanjo et al.,
1999). In the present study, a significant increase in prolin e content was found. One distinctive feature of most
plants growing in saline environments is the accumulation of proline (Kumara et al., 2003) and it has been
inferred that there may be a relationship between cellular proline level and cell turgidity via osmotic adjustment
(Hayashi et al., 2000; Kumara et al., 2003). The ability to exclude sodium from the shoot is an important
determinant of salt tolerance in both monocots and dicots (Garthwaite et al., 2005; Zhu, 2001). However, the salt
sensitive
Arabidopsis
ecotype Columbia grown at moderate salt concentrations keeps the shoot Na
+
concentration
much lower than do coastal, more salt tolerant ecotypes (Rus et al., 2006). This strategy has a limited capacity
since growth of
Arabidopsis
ecotype Colombia at high salt is severely limited due to a strong increase in shoot
Na
+
concentration suggested that
Arabidopsis
may use mechanisms involved with Na
+
tissue tolerance, such as
intracellular compartmentation and increased accumulation of compatible solutes, as was hypothesized before
Munns and Rester (2008) and apparently, some of the potato cultivars respond in this way. Phytohormonal
application was markedly and significant reduced mostly the accumulation both stress markers sodium ion and
proline in shoots and roots of maize, wheat, cotton, broad bean and parsley plants.This can be reflected on the
accumulation of metabolities which finally affected on the production of dry matter in shoots and roots of the five
tested plants. Shevyakova et al., (2013) study ABA protective action under salinity can be realized through the
weakening of oxidative stress (a decrease in MDAcontent) and the regulation of PA, proline, and CK metabolism,
which has a great significance in plant adaptation to injurious factors. Hamdia (2013) Hamdia and Shaddad (2014)
and Hamdia (2016) can be concluded that the GA
3
, Kinetin and IAA regulate the disturbances of metabolities and
neglected the negative effects of the accumulation of ethylene especially in plants treated with IAA under stress
conditions which in turn resulted in a pronounced alleviated the drastic effects of salt.
3 Materials and Methods
