International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.28, 1-8
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2.9 Production change technique
In the present study, negative externalities and the
consequent decline in fish production were analyzed
for serious, medium and low affected fishermen. Since
the production decline was measurable, the production
change technique was employed for the year
2012-2013 and presented in Table 6. It could be seen
from the Table that fish production was varied with
pollution intensity for both
Sardinella longiceps
and
Rastrelliger kanagurta
. In particular, the fish
production for
Sardinella longiceps
was highest for
low affected category with the annual fish production
of 22593 Kilograms and it was higher over medium
affected category by 151.16 per cent and over serious
affected category by 210.54 per cent. Likewise, the
annual fish production was also highest for low
affected category in case of
Rastrelliger kanagurta
with 22899 Kilograms and it was higher over medium
affected category by 159.21 per cent and over serious
affected category by 207.87 per cent.
Table 6 Annual Fish Production in the study area
S. No. Fish species
Serious Medium Low
1
Sardinella longiceps
(kgs) 10731 14946
22593
2
Rastrelliger kanagurta
(kgs) 11016 14382
22899
3 Contingent valuation
3.1 Willingness to Pay for affected fishermen
Willingness To Pay (WTP) is direct valuation
methodology and is based on interviewing the
respondents, who reveal their preferences based on
their income and other considerations.
The details of WTP are presented in Table 7. It could
be seen from the Table that number of WTP was
increased with pollution intensity and it was highest
for with serious affected category with 50.00
response followed by medium affected category with
37.50 per cent response and lastly by low affected
category with 20.00 per cent response. The WTP
amount was also highest for serious affected category
with annual amount of Rs. 5850 and it was higher
over medium affected category by 163.59 per cent
and over low affected category by 491.18 per cent.
The preferred mode of payment was monthly
payment and was highest among all categories as
compared to annual payment. Farmers preferred
monthly payment since they felt that fish production
was encountered with seasonal fluctuations and also
had rest period, it is better to make monthly payment.
Table 7 Willingness to pay of affected fishermen
S. No Willingness to pay
Serious Medium Low
1
Numbers( per cent)
50.00
37.50
20.00
2.
Amount
5850
3576
1191
3
Mode of payment
a.
Month
55.00
60.00
78.00
b.
Annual
45.00
40.00
22.00
3.2 Willingness to Accept the Compensation and
No Payment
The case of Willingness To Accept Compensation
(WTAC) and no payment is presented in Table 8. The
willingness to accept compensation and no payment
was lowest for seriously affected fishermen with a
proportion of 30.00 per cent and 20.00 per cent
respectively. It was highest for low affected fishermen
with a proportion of 37.50 per cent and 42.50 per cent
respectively. The proportion of compensation was
lowest for serious affected fishermen since the
fishermen in this category felt that the compensation
principle would not be practical and time consuming.
They wanted immediate solution since they were
affected seriously. On the other hand, for moderately
and low affected fishermen due to less pollution
intensity, the proportion of compensation and no
payment was higher. For all categories of fishermen,
there was no limit in accepting compensation.
Table 8 WTAC and No payment of affected fishermen
1 Willingness to Accept
Compensation only
Serious
Medium Low
a Numbers (%)
30.00
37.50
37.50
b Maximum per annum
No limit No limit No limit
2 No payment
a Numbers (%)
20.00
25.00
42.50
b Reasons
i Industry
12.50
25.00
-
ii Government
12.50
50.00
100.00
iii Limited income
75.00
25.00
-
Among reasons for no payment, 75 per cent of the
seriously affected fishermen and 25.00 per cent of the
moderately affected fishermen cited limited income as
the reason for no payment. On the other hand, cent per
cent of low affected fishermen, fifty per cent of
moderately affected fishermen and 12.50 per cent of
seriously affected fishermen felt that the government
should pay for starting of any scheme to counter
fisheries production damage especially SIPCOT
industrial pollution since they felt that it was only the
government that had encouraged the establishment of
