International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.17, 1-4
3
aquaculture industry, Japan implemented a "positive
list" system, which makes the eel aquaculture
production increased more or less in the subsequent
years [3]. In 2011
，
A Richter 9.0 earthquake occurred
in Japan and triggered the nuclear leak. This caused
huge losses to the eel aquaculture industry and
resulted in the yield of farmed eel production in Japan
from 22,006 Metric tons in 2012 to 17,377 Metric tons
in 2011
，
a decrease of about 4,629 Metric tons and a
decrease of 21.04%.
China’s eel aquaculture industry began in about 1972,
and originated from China's southern provinces such
as Guangdong province and Fujian province. Due to
the lack of breeding technology and the necessary
funds, the eel aquaculture industry’s development was
mainly through compensation trade and foreign
cooperation at that time. However, at this stage,
China’s eel aquaculture industry developed slowly due
to all kinds of factors. The national production of
farmed eels is only about 300 Metric tons in the end of
1984. China didn’t report the aquaculture eel
production to FAO until 1989, and its production was
about 60,000 Metric tons in this year which was
accounting for 38.65% of global aquaculture
production of eel. Since then, China’s eel aquaculture
production and its share in the global eel aquaculture
production showed an overall upward trend, and
China’s eel aquaculture production has been ranked
first in the world. In 2012, China’s eel aquaculture
production soared to 212,464 Metric tons, accounting
for 88.06% of global aquaculture production of eel,
and reached the highest point in the history of China’s
eel aquaculture industry. The rapid development of
China’s eel aquaculture industry is mainly attributing
to the following two reasons: One is the benefit from
the support policy of China government. In 1985, the
No.5 document of Central Committee of the
Communist Party of China divided the aquatic
products into three categories, the full liberalization of
prices and the implementation of market regulation.
China’s eel aquaculture industry entered a phase of
adjusting development. In 1986, the State Council of
People's Republic of China stressed that the eel seed
should meet the needs of the domestic eel aquaculture
first, and then the remaining part of the supply was
used to export. The notification controlled the export
of eel fry effectively, and China's domestic eel fry
resources were basically used to eel aquaculture in
China. The other one is benefited from the transfer of
eel aquaculture technology and capital from Taiwan to
China. China has abundant eel fry resources, adequate
water resource and cheap labor resources and other
convenience which resulting in lots of Taiwan eel
aquaculture companies changed their aquaculture
place from Taiwan to China to continue developing
eel aquaculture industry gradually.
Japan has an enduring high consuming level for eel
products, even in the economic downturn years. The
annual consumption of Japanese con is maintained at
about 18 000 t to 250 000 t, while seven or eight
percent of these eel products are from China. Due to
the international changes in market structure in the last
couple years, the Chinese eel products become more
and more active in the international market. Japanese
experts in eel industry have been vaguely worried that
China will reduce the supply of eel products. These
concerns are mainly from the following aspects: First,
China's exports objects of eel products have been
expanded from the original traditional country such
Japan, USA, Korea and other countries to the
European Union, Russia, Australia and some emerging
market countries, in other words, China’s exports
markets have been changed from a single market to a
diversified market. Second, China's domestic
consumption of eel products is growing rapidly. It is
necessary to adjust the export amount to meet the
domestic demand of eel products. This has been
shown in Chinese domestic consumption of small size
live eel, and its increase in Chinese domestic
consumption market direct lead to the declining in the
Japanese market, and this tendency change also
worried Japanese. Third, the Sino-Japanese dispute
over the waters of strife has been significantly
decreased the amount of Sino-Japanese trade, and it
would influence the sensitive fish trade and fish
products directly.
China’s eel aquaculture industry has a greater
competitive advantage than Taiwan and Japan, and the
eel aquaculture industry has shown a good momentum
of development. However, China’s eel aquaculture
industry also faces a lot of serious problems (Wu
Chung Lee, 2003; Xu Zhong, 2011). Currently, the
global eel aquaculture technology has been at a high
level, especially in Japanese eel and the European eel
aquaculture. Unfortunately, the eel artificial breeding
