Basic HTML Version
International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.54, 1-10
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
6
of wetland that has relation with their food. Only 2
Anser anser were seen in south part in August.
Laridae species eat everything that they can live in
all part of wetland.
2.3
Similarity of waterbirds communities
Similarity of waterbirds communities between south part
(more polluted) and north part (Low-polluted) of
Miangaran marsh in summer 2011 has been shown in
(Table 2 and Table 3). Maximum similarity was
72.78%,=0.88 Morista’s index in July-Sep. between north
and south part, and minimum similarity (53.55% = 0.56
Maritsa’s index) was inAugust and Sep. in sumer 2011.
2.4
Species diversity, richness and evenness
Eighteen waterbirds species were present in both part
of wetland in summer 2011. Four species of the birds
were wadding, two species of wading birds ,
Botaurus
stellaris
and
Plegadis falcinellu
s, observed only in
north part and two species
Ardea cineara
and
Bubulcus ibis
in both parts of wetland.
Species richness of north part was more than south
part. Species richness ranged from 9-11 in south part
and 14-15 in north part. Population was ranged from
187-1273 in south part and 797- 1576 in north part.
Species diversity, richness and Evenness of birds have
been shown in Table 4 and Figure 4.
Table 3 Similarity percentage of bird between south and north part of marsh in summer
South
part
North part
July
August
Sept.
July
August
Sept.
South part
July
100
August
76.32
100
Sept.
73.01
70.91
100
July
52.86
44.62
64.57
100
North part
August
22.31
13.44
29.94
61.27
100
Sept.
47.11
35.21
55.87
72.87
53.55
100
Table 4 Diversity indexes in south and north part of Miangaran marsh in summer 2011
South part (more polluted)
North part
(low-polluted)
Biodiversity indexes July
August
September
Average
July
August
September
Average
Taxa_S
10
9
11
10
14
15
15
14.66
Individuals
187
650
1273
703.33
797
1180
1576
1184
Dominance_D
0.3906 0.6755
0.4267
0.49
0.1344
0.143
0.1708
0.14
Simpson_1-D
0.6094 0.3245
0.5733
0.50
0.8656
0.857
0.8292
0.85
Shannon_H
1.451
0.7747
1.258
1.16
2.181
2.245
2.179
2.20
Evenness_e^H/S
0.4266 0.2411
0.3198
0.32
0.6324
0.6296
0.5893
0.61
Brillouin
1.363
0.7505
1.239
1.11
2.141
2.213
2.154
2.16
Menhinick
0.7313 0.353
0.3083
0.46
0.4959
0.4367
0.3778
0.43
Margalef
1.72
1.235
1.399
1.85
1.946
1.979
1.901
1.94
Equitability_J
0.63
0.3526
0.5245
0.50
0.8264
0.8292
0.8047
0.82
Fisher_alpha
2.258
1.478
1.655
1.79
2.412
2.423
2.296
2.37
Berger-Parker
0.6043 0.8169
0.6214
0.68
0.1895
0.2898
0.356
0.27
Chao-1
10
9
11
14
15
15
14.66
2.5
Physicochemical parameters of water
Physicochemical parameters pollutants introduced to
the environment can impact on ecosystems, and can
be found in the whole biosphere. Physicochemical
contamination may affect ecosystems, causing
changes in the functions of particular organisms. In
the last few years, investigations have focused on
searching for bio-indicators (both plant and animal
organisms) that accumulate toxic substances. The aim
of the present study was to discuss selected methods
of water quality assessment based on waterbirds used
as bio-indicators, paying special attention to water
ecosystems, because the Izeh city releases the
wastewater with various chemical compositions into