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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.57, 1-4
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
3
Table 1 Antibacterial activity of tissue extract of
H. pugilinus
against clinically isolated human pathogen (Mean±SD)
Organism
Zone of Incubation(mm)
Ethyl acetate Chloroform
Petroleum ether Methanol
Ethanol
Acetone
Aceto nitrile
A.hydrophila
16.00±0.54
*
4.00±0.55
*
-
6.00±0.46
*
-
-
8.00±0.54
*
E.coil
15.00±0.63
**
8.00±0.48
*
-
4.00±0.87
**
13.00±0.72
*
10.00±0.49
**
13.00±0.59
*
S.typhi
10.00±0.42* -
-
-
-
4.00±0.70
*
11.00±0.52
*
S.paratyphi
A
21.00±0.74* 10.00±0.53
*
-
-
17.00±0.46
*
4.00±0.71
**
16.00±0.46
**
V.cholerae
17.00±0.55* -
-
7.00±0.47
***
12.00±0.64
*
13.00±0.47
*
V.paraheamolyitcus
14.00±0.47* 10.00±0.54** -
6.00±0.57
*
16.00±0.45
*
4.00±0.54
*
18.00±0.84*
Note:
*
Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05)
2.2MIC of the active extract against isolated pathogens
MIC values of ethyl acetate and acetonitrile tissue
extracts against bacterial strains such as
A. hydrophilla
,
S. typhi, S. paratyphi
A
, V.cholerae
and
E. coli
were reported as 20, 15, 10, 5, mg/mL respectively
(Table 2).
Table 2 MIC of tissue and egg extracts of
H. pugilinus
against clinically isolated human pathogens
Organism
Ethylacetate extract (mg/mL)
Acetonitrile extract (mg/mL)
E. coli
20
15
10
5
20
15
10
5
V. cholerae
+++
-
++
++
+++
-
++
++
S. paratyphi A
-
++
++
++
-
+++
++
++
V. parahaemolyticus
-
-
++
+
-
++
-
+
A. hydrophilla
++
+++
++
+
++
-
++
+++
S. typhi
-
++
-
++
-
-
++
++
Note:
-
absent, +++
-
highly resistance, ++
-
resistance
3 Discussions
Recently, sea creatures constitute a large reservoir for
pharmacologically active drug recently reviewed
(Mayer et al., 2007). Molluscs are widely used in
world research institution for various studies, but only
recently they have been recognized as potential
sources of antibacterial and antifungal metabolites.
Some of the molecules responsible for antimicrobial
activities have been identified and characterized.
According to (Suresh et al., 2012), some of the
molecules were responsible for significant antimicrobial
activities and yet have to be identified and
characterized. In result of the present study clearly
showed that the antibacterial activities maximum
inhibition zone was observed in Ethyl acetate extract
of
H. pugilinus
against
S. paratyphi
A and minimum
zone of inhibition (7 mm) was notice in Acetone,
methanol, chloroform and water extract. These results
encourage the idea that marine molluscs are potent
sources for drug development. The maximum
inhibition zone was observed against
Klebsiella
pneumonia
in the ethanol extract of
Babylonia
zeylanica
and the minimum inhibition zone mm) was
observed against
V. cholera
(Suresh et al., 2012). It’s
also reported that the acetone extract of the winged
oyster
Peteria chinensis
was found to have a board
spectral activity in habiting all the fish pathogenic
strains tested and the extract of chloroform inhibited
eight pathogens, these also support the present study
on antimicrobial activity of gastropod extracts
(Chellaram et al., 2004). MIC methods are widely
used in the comparative testing of new drugs. In
clinical laboratories they are used to establish the
susceptibility of organisms that give equivocal results
in disc or well tests, for tests on organisms where disk
or well tests may be unreliable and when a more
accurate result is required for clinical management.
The present study MIC values of acetone tissue and
egg extracts against bacterial strains such as
A.hydrophilla
,
S. typhi
,
S. paratyphi
A,
V. cholera
and
E.coli
were reported 20,15,10,5 mg/mL respectively.
The isolation of compounds from marine molluscs
were also used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
and osteoarthritis. Marine mollusc extracts also
exhibited antibacterial and antiviral activity against
fish pathogen bacteria and the extract also may be
applied in aquaculture (Rajaganapathi, 1996). The