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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.5: 61-66
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
62
as a developing country has data-limited situations in
fisheries statistic data, therefore, personal interviews
with two experts in Indonesia were also used to gain
more information about mollusk fishery in Indonesia.
An unstructured interview was approached to allow
the experts share their working and research
experiences on mollusk fishery without restraints. In
order to attain their views, leading questions were
used during the interview such as, “Can you tell me
about the development and management of mollusk
fishery in Indonesia?” and “What are the problems
and constraints faced regarding mollusk fishery?”.
The information needed for this study was collected
from the concerned institution and some various
related publications. Most of the data on Indonesia’s
mollusk fishery was derived from secondary sources
such as FAO Fishery and Aquaculture statistics
(Fishstat plus), the Indonesia National Annual
Fisheries Reports and publications or journals related
to mollusk fishery, most of which were written in
Indonesian.
3 Results
3.1 Indonesia mollusk fishery production
In the early 1950s, based on data collected by FAO
the estimated potential mollusk (excluding cephalopod)
production of Indonesia was about 900 tons. Since
1950s to 1995, mollusk production was increased, and
kept steady at about over 1 hundred tons after 1995
(Figure 1).
Figure 1 Indonesian Mollusk Production 1950-2011
Note: Source: FAO Fishstat Plus
Indonesian mollusk production has increased
substantially but fluctuated in some individual years
during the last sixty years. Additionally, there has been
a decrease-moving in the production growth rates of
mollusks in every 20-year period from 1950 to 2011
(
all data presented are subject to rounding)
. The
average growth rate in the period from 1950 (900 tons)
to 1969 (9,500 tons) is 47.78 %, then after that period
mollusk production is decreasing, with period from
1970 (10,400 tons) to 1989 (56,216 tons) is 22.02 %
and period from 1990 (57,041 tons) to 2011 (285,013.4
tons) is also down 11.35 %.
Basically mollusk production is separated in two main
bases in term of method production: the capture and
aquaculture production. Capture production is the
main mollusk source with a total production of
236,564 tons within 60 years and so (1950 to 2011),
with main components of mollusk production are
blood cockles (38.8%), common squids (35.5%), hard
clams (8.26%) and Cuttlefish; bobtail squids (9.37%).
Figure 2 represents a continuing increase of mollusk
capture production at an average annual rate of 4.22 %.
Figure 2 Indonesian Mollusk Production by Capture (1950-2011)
Note: Source: FAO Fishstat Plus
In the term aquaculture, mollusk production also
manifests a trend of increase growth in most years but
in the fluctuation condition. The mollusk production
by aquaculture increase from 5 tons in 2002 to
48,449.4 tons in 2011, and the production attained
high in 2010 at 58,079 tons, with an estimated total
value of US$ 27,47 million. The fluctuation in
production was observed in 2007, 2009 and 2011. The
production decreased to 16,000 tons with a value of
US$ 8 million in 2007 compared to 2006 (16,348 tons,
valued at US$ 20.22 million), in 2009 15,857 tons
with a value of US$ 8.24 million compared to 2008
(19,662 tons, valued at US$ 10.22 million) and in
2011 48,449.4 tons with a value of US$ 27.47 million
compared to 2010 (58,079 tons, valued at US$ 28.74
million). The production decrease is probably due to
global financial crisis in the late 2007 that influenced
Indonesia, which automatically affected productivity
in national economy. Even though, Indonesia
experienced a decrease of economic growth rates
owing to crisis, but Indonesia was able to keep