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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.22, 197-209
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
202
ancestor. Kemojan Island is perceived as the center of
development and deployment of Bugis on the other
islands of Karimunjawa. Kemojan island is strongly
associated with Bugis. The percentage in total amount
of Bugis people in the Karimunjawa islands in each
inhabited islands are; Arround 30% of total population
in Kemujan are Bugis, 11% in Karimunjawa, 3% in
Parang, 2% in Nyamuk.
Madurese
Madurese spread across all inhabited islands of
Karimunjawa and became the third largest population
after Javanese and Bugis.
Makassar, Mandar, Bajau, Banjar, Buton, Malay and
Batak Ethnicity
Makassar, Mandar, Bajau, Banjar, Buton, Malay, and
Batak are relatively small number compared to the
Javanese, Bugis, and Madurese, but they are also lived
in all inhabited islands of Karimunjawa with an
exception Genting Island. There are no descendants of
Mandar, Bajau, Banjar, Malay and Batak ethnic lived
Genting island.
Although the objective conditions indicates of a
complex diverse ethnicity in small islands of
Karimunjawa, in general the inter-ethnicity relationship is
going well in an integrative pattern of social harmony.
There is no ethnically divided as though that they are
ethnically diverse. As maritime ethnic they are mobile
and able to move dynamically. The high mobility of
maritime ethnic is influenced by their traditional
perspective seeing that the sea as an open space and
common property right which can be valued together.
This point of view had legitimated when traditional
rulers implemented free ocean policy/
mare Liberum
.
Under such conditions, small islands became a haven
and permanent shelter for maritime ethnic from around
the archipelago.
In reality it is not easy to acknowledge diversity
(plurality), especially in mutual respect, admittance
atmosphere, and willingness to live in a peaceful
coexistence (HAR Tilaar, 2004). It is related to the
tendency of inherent exclusiveness in each social entity
that often become problems source in social
community, state, and nation. However, in fact of the
objective condition build diverse ethnicity in small
islands which is proven to be able to create an
atmosphere for a peaceful life.
The social development process of society shows for
the first time that every immigrant ethnic has
established their settlements based on ethnicity
background. They live accordance with customs of
their homeland, communicatewith their own language,
and choose a life partner from the same ethnicity. An
intensified inter-ethnic relationship enable them to
learn the other languages and cultures. It is not
surprisingly that Javanese and Madurese are able to
speak in Bugis language and vice versa. They are also
able to communicate in Bahasa Indonesia as the
national language. Recently, the intensified inter-ethnic
relationship had also made inter-ethnic marriages that
are common for today. Their settlement pattern are no
longer in a cluster according to ethnicity. It is easy to
find Madurese or Bugis in the middle Javanese
settlement.
It is also indicates that there is a fairly fundamental
changes as described above, the characteristics of
ethnicity in past still can be found today. In terms of
settlement patterns can be looked by ethnic
composition and dominant culture in a certain village.
For example in Batulawang and Telaga area of
Kemojan Iisland, the majority of population is Bugis.
Therefore, Bugis culture become dominant culture in
this village, but in Karimunjawa, Parang, Nyamuk and
Genting island, Javanese people and their culture are
clearly dominant.
In everyday relationship, ethnicity background never
became a prominent issue. Local people preferred to
identify themselves as Karimunjawa people when they
reply a question about their original ethnicity. The
mutual cooperation is indicated in having a big work
(
khajatan
) or to build public facilities. They are
actively involved themselves in mutual cooperation by
a reason as Karimunjawa people.
3.3.2 Economic domination of Karimunjawa Island
Karimunjawa island as the largest and widest island
(>50%), since the beginning of its growth, it has
became centre of economic activity from surrounding
small islands as well as people from the outside. Even
since in the late 19
th
century, Dutch colonial
government had identified the potential economic on
the island by sending
Posthouder
to monitor and
control as well as to collect retribution for the trading
activity (Gongrijp, 1915). It was supported by
production of copra and rosewood (Anwar, 2005).
Therefore, in early 20
th
century Chinese merchants