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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.22, 197-209
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
201
spending f. 2.906 used to build security posts, houses,
and a fort in the island. In that phase, Karimunjawa
has began transformed into the area that was originally
from a swamp became a settlement by reclamation of
surrounding area. There were two first step for
establishing;
first
Karimunjawa was designated as a
village;
second
, it filled then with many residents that
was assisted by Rembang’s assistant resident. Starting
on that policy then the island had been formed a
government system which was led by a Dutch officer
as
Posthouder
and a
djaksa
held by the native
(Anwar, 2005).
During colonial era, Karimunjawa remained a chain of
liaison economic sector. In 1820s economic growth of
Karimunjawa has formed various commodities in
trading activities such as copra, timber, and opium.
These activities were controlled by Javanese, Chinese,
Malay, and some Europeans (Netherlands). The local
government also controlled of certain trade
commodities, such as sea cucumber, red paint, wood
and copra. (Gongrijp, 1915) In addition, many
merchants who stopped by Karimunjawa islands in
their route to the west, they must brought commodities
such as rice, salt, sandalwood, buffalo leather, etc.
Similarly, on a voyage to the east, some of Batavia
merchants transited in Karimunjawa to take raw
materials rosewood for Batavia furniture businessman.
This condition is one of evidences to suggest that
Karimunjawa islands has had a significance growth
during the colonial era. It’s residents has been
contacted directly with all sorts of ethnics such as
Javanese, Bugis, Dayak, Madura, Ambon, Chinese,
and some Europeans, etc. The multicultural society
could impact of commercial trade presence activity in
the Java Sea.
During the Japanese occupation, Karimunjawa did not
get of much attention from Japan in Jepara. It was
perhaps because of Karimunjawa has not strategic
significance in the context of Pacific war. Japanese
allied forces was not predicted to come to
Karimunjawa before seized the island of Java. The
Japanese were not interested to occupy Karimunjawa
as well, it was probably related to the fact that the
islands was not able to produce rice for food need
supply of Japanese, so that this island spared from
Japanese suppression. (Rochwulaningsih et.al., 2012)
Beyond the New Order era, there was a rapid growth
population of Karimunjawa islands as a impact of
population growth in Java. The condition of
increasingly unemployment and more difficult for
looking job encouraged them to move to the other
islands including to Karimunjawa Islands. After
experiencing its significant population growth, the
islands changed its status from a village into a district
in 1982.
3.3 Center-periphery relationship patterns
3.3.1 Inter-ethnic relationship
The objective condition of Indonesia is a multiethnic
country, the diverse ethnicity living and settling
together in a given territorial area. It chance of split,
destruction and loss of humanity and nationality value,
if we are not properly understand and realize,.
Therefore, it will be excellent if this objective
condition is not only a discussion in scientific studies,
but also developed into people life orientation for being
able to live together peacefully. It is important to
portray the diverse inter-ethnicity relationship in small
islands of Karimunjawa at Central Java province,
Indonesia.
As geographic condition that Karimunjawa is located
in the Java sea, most of its inhabitants comes from
Javanese and subsequently followed by other
ethnicities like Bugis, Madurese, Makassar, Mandar,
Bajau, Banjar, Buton, Malay, and Batak. Each of them
as residents in small islands of Karimunjawa. They are
mostly descendant of the third and fourth generations
of their ancestor who had lived in Karimunjawa,
despite we can still find the first and second generation
in there by ethno-geographical distribution below:
Javanese
Javanese descent originally comes from Jepara district
of Central Java Province and the surrounding regions.
They are spread and settled in 5 inhabited islands and
become dominant athnic who are lived in Karimunjawa.
The Javanese hegemony in the Karimunjawa islands in
each inhabited islands are; Karimunajwa (78%),
Kemojan (50%), Parang (85%), Nyamuk (90%) and
Genting (95%).
Bugis
The Bugis are always identified as Kemojan people,
especially in Telaga and Batulawang. Historically both
of the two area were shaped and established by Bugis