International Journal of Horticulture, 2017, Vol.7, No. 5, 33-39
34
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It constitutes 1.5% to 2% of the total body weight with more
than 99% of the calcium being present in it. Phosphorus participates in many other body functions including
energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, and calcium absorption and utilization. Magnesium is an extremely important
mineral. Next to potassium, it is the second most predominate mineral within our cells. Magnesium also functions
very closely with calcium and phosphorus. Approximately 60% of the magnesium in the body is found in bone,
26% in muscle, and the remainder in soft tissue and body fluids. Potassium, sodium, and chloride are electrolytes:
mineral salts that can conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water. Chromium functions in the "glucose
tolerance factor," a critical enzyme system involved in blood sugar regulation. Copper functions as an important
factor in the manufacture of hemoglobin; collagen structures, particularly joints and arteries; and energy. Iron is
critical to human life. It plays the central role in the hemoglobin molecule of our red blood cells (RBC), where it
functions in transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, and also transports carbon dioxide from the
tissues to the lungs. In addition, iron also functions in several key enzymes in energy production and metabolism
including DNA synthesis. Manganese functions in many enzyme systems, including enzymes involved in blood
sugar control, energy metabolism, and thyroid hormone function. Zinc is a component in over 200 enzymes in our
bodies. In fact, zinc functions in more enzymatic reactions than any other mineral Zinc may be critical to healthy
male sex hormone and prostate function, as well. Male infertility may be caused by a decreased sperm count due
to zinc deficiency, and zinc supplementation may increase sperm count and motility, particularly in men with low
testosterone. Zinc deficiency may be a contributing factor in the high rate of prostate enlargement in this country.
2 Materials and Methods
The proposed Seed material was collected from various sources including NARC, BARS, AARI, UAF and
CIMMYT were used to study the genetic variability in wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L) under elevated yellow rust
pressure (Table 1). The research project was conducted at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC)
Islamabad and PCSIR Laboratories, Peshawar. The research work was comprised of biochemical characterization
and SDS-PAGE.
Table 1 Wheat germplasm used for genetic variability of wheat genotypes under elevated yellow rust pressure
S.NO
Genotypes
S.NO
Genotypes
1
Marvi-2000
16
Bakhtawar-93
2
BARS-2009
17
Sehar-2006
3
03FJ-26
18
Noshera-96
4
Shafaq-2006
19
Sarsabz
5
WC-25
20
WC 20
6
Shahkar-95
21
WC 24
7
AS-2002
22
WC 4
8
Pirsabak-91
23
WC 13
9
Zarlashta
24
WC 26
10
8973
25
WC 11
11
Inqilab-91
26
Pasban-90
12
GA-2002
27
NARC-2009
13
98FJ13
28
Mehran-89
14
9870
29
Tatara
15
Lasani-2008
30
Kohistan-97
Preparation of Seed Samples for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
Single seed of each genotype was taken, crushed and grinded in mortar and pestle. 10 mg (0.01 g) seed flour was
weighed by an electronic balance and was put into 1.5 ml Eppendorff’s tubes. To extract proteins from flour, 400
µl of the protein extraction buffer was put into the Eppendorff’s tube and mixed well with the help of vortex. This
sample was preserved in a freezer (-20ºC).
Preparation of Electrophoretic Gel
Glass plates were used for electrophoresis after cleaning up from internal side with 80% Ethanol. Sets of glass
