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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.05
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
32
Figure 1 Fatty acid profile (%) of
L. bindus
and
U. sulphureus
in Fall and Spring. Note: SFA: saturated fatty acid, MUFA:
mono unsaturated fatty acid, PUA: poly unsaturated fatty acid,
HUFA: high unsaturated fatty acid
Figure 2 IA and IT indices of
Leiognathus bindus
and
Upeneus
sulphureus
in fall and spring
Note: IA = Index of Athero-genicity; IT = Index of
Thrombogenicity
Table 2 IA and IT indices of
L. bindus
and
U. sulphureus
in fall and spring
IT
IA
W3/W6
Species/indices
fall
spring
fall
spring
fall
spring
Leiognathus bindus
0.886±0.001
0.810±0.01
1.493±0.01
1.476±0.02
7.47±0.01
3.01±0.010
Upeneus sulphureus
1.154±0.000
0.852±0.01
1.445±0.02
1.308±0.01
6.54±0.01
2.02±0.01
Note: n= 3 ± standard error; IA = Index of Athero-genicity; IT = Index of Thrombogenicity
The amount and number of fatty acid were different in
Fall and Spring for each species. A total of 24 fatty
acids in goatfish and 26 fatty acids for pony fish were
identified in this study in Fall. The composition of
saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), poly-
unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and high unsaturated
fatty acid (HUFA) of goatfish were found to be 52.4%,
23.5%, 18.9% and15.47% in Fall, while those of pony
fish were found to be 50.004%, 24.919%, 17.27% and
14.62% respectively. Accordingly, the SFA level in
goatfish and the MUFA level in pony fish were the
highest among the other fatty acid groups. The
PUFA/SFA ratios for goatfish and pony fish were 0.36
and 0.34 respectively in Fall.
2.2 Lipid quality indices
Table 2 and Figure 2 show total lipids IA and IT
values for
L. bindus
and
U. sulphureus
fat. IT values
were significantly higher (1.154±0.0) in
U. sulphureus
than
L. bindus
in spring. The ratio of W3/W6 was
significantly different in fall and spring for both
species (p<0.05). IA value for
U. sulphureus
was the
lowest (1.376).
3 Discussion
Fish consumption is increasingly recommended by
health authorities, not only for its high-quality protein
content, but also for being a source of fatty acids
considered highly beneficial for human health (n3 and
n6). Therefore, it is not surprising that there is higher
demand for fish with a growing concern for the health
aspects of the diet (Senso et al., 2007). Marine fish
have a higher fraction of monounsaturated fatty acid
(MUFA) and PUFA than freshwater fish (Chedoloh et
al., 2011).
Previous studies have revealed that the lipid and
moisture composition of fish can differ depending on
seasonal changes, age, maturity, sex, availability of
food, and spawning period (Yeannes and Almandos,
2003; Ackman, 1989).
It was observed that the concentrations of C12:0,
C15:0, C21:0, C23:0 and C24:0 saturated fatty acids
were found to disappear. Also palmitic acid (C16:0)
observed as a major constituent of lipid, showed an
increasing in spring for both species. Our findings are
in close agreement with the results reported by Öksüz
et al., (2011) in both gold band goatfish and striped
red mullet and also by Hassan et al., (2010) for the
saturated fatty in wild
Catla catla
.
In mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), C18:1 fatty
acid was observed in the highest concentration and
ranged from 12.09±0.01 to 18.4±0.00 for
L. bindus