Legume Genomics and Genetics 2015, Vol.6, No.1, 1-11
1
Research Article Open Access
Analysis of Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters for Yield and Other
Quantitative Traits in Black Gram [
Vigna mungo
(L.) Hepper]
K.K. Panigrahi
1
, A. Mohanty
2
, J. Pradhan
3
, B. Baisakh
1
, M.Kar
3
1. Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-751003
2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-751003
3. Department of Plant Physiology, OUAT. Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-751003
Corresponding author email: Email:
Legume Genomics and Genetics, 2015, Vol.6, No.1 doi: 10.5376/lgg.2015.06.0001
Received: 29 Dec., 2014
Accepted: 09 Feb., 2015
Published: 25 Feb., 2015
Copyright
©
2015
Panigrahi et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Panigrahi et al., 2015, Analysis of Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters for Yield and Other Quantitative Traits in Black Gram [
Vigna mungo
(L.)
Hepper], Legume Genomics and Genetics, Vol.6, No.1 1
-
11 (doi:
10.5376/lgg.2015.06.0001
)
Abstract
Combining ability analysis was studied in an 8 × 8 diallel set of black gram genotypes. Variance due to general combining
ability (GCA) among the parents for all the traits, and specific combining ability (SCA) among the crosses were deduced. Combining
ability analysis is an important tool to find out gene actions and it is frequently used by plant breeder to choose parents with high
GCA and hybrids with high SCA effects. GCA is associated with additive genetic effects, whereas SCA is taken as the measure of
non-additive type of gene actions, arising largely from dominance and epistatic deviations with respect to certain traits. GCA is
attributed to additive and additive gene effects epistasis and is theoretically fixable; on the other hand SCA attributed to non-additive
gene action due to dominance or epistasis or both and is non-fixable. The presence of non-additive genetic variance is the primary
reason for initiating any hybrid programme. GCA variance (σ
2
gca
) was invariably lower than SCA variance (σ
2
sca
) for almost all
characters indicating preponderance of non-additive gene action. The percentage of heritability in broad sense was highest with days
to maturity (94.78%) followed by days to 50% flowering (94.67%). The
gca
effect ranged from -0.16 to 0.25. OBG-31 (0.25) had
maximum significant positive
gca
effect followed by Keonjhar Local (0.24). OBG-17 (-0.16) and TU-94-2 (-0.16) witnessed the
maximum negative
gca
effect for yield/plant followed by B-3-8-8 (-0.14).For yield the range of
sca
varied from -0.64 to 1.02.
Among the 28 F
1
hybrids B-3-8-8×PU-30 (1.02) had the highest
sca
effect followed by PU-35×LBG-17 (0.71) and PU-30×OBG-31
(0.48) for yield/plant. The mean yield per plant was recorded highest in PU-35×LBG-17 (6.19) followed by OBG-31×Keonjhar
Local (6.16), LBG-17×OBG-31 (6.15) and B-3-8-8×PU-30 (6.14). Among 28 cross combinations 11 crosses exhibited positive sca
effect (9 were significant) for this character whereas 17 crosses exhibited negative sca effect (13 were significant).
Keywords
Combining Ability; GCA; SCA; Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
Background
Grain legumes occupy unique position in Indian
agriculture. Besides forming a sustainable component
of Indian agriculture, they are a major source of
vegetable protein to the larger mass of the country that
are basically vegetarian in their food habit. Black gram
grain contains about 25% protein, 56% carbohydrate,
2% fat, 4% minerals and 0.4% vitamins. Black gram is
said to have originated in India, where it is most widely
grown and highly esteemed grain legume (Chatterjee
and Bhattacharya, 1986). It is well known that 50 g.
pulses/person/day should be consumed in addition to
other sources of protein such as cereals, milk, meat and
egg, which is a very difficult task to achieve as the
production and productivity of pulse crop including
black gram is very low. Diallel analysis, as proposed by
Griffing (1956), measures the combining ability of
parents to be used in hybridization and helps the crop
breeder in choosing the desirable parents for
hybridization program. Besides this, diallel analysis
also guides the breeder in choosing appropriate
breeding method by estimating the GCA (general
combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability)
variances governing the traits and by determining the
components of genetic variance viz. additive and
dominance variances assuming epistasis being absent.
The present study was undertaken to study the GCA
and SCA e
ff
ects and variances of some black gram
parents and crosses, respectively for yield and other
quantitative traits. Significant GCA and SCA effects
provide information to determine the efficacy of
breeding for improvements in given traits and they can
