International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.11, 77-89
84
Figure 12 Platelet level in blood of
Clarias gariepinus
sub-adult exposed to 2, 4-Dimethyl Amine
Note: There were significant differences between the means (α = 0.05)
Table 1 Physicochemical properties of water exposed to different concentrations of 2, 4 Dimethyl Amine during acute toxicity assay
of
Clarias gariepinus
Range finding test 2,4 D
Definitive test 2,4 D
Conc.
(mg/L)
Temp.
(°C)
pH
Conductivity DO
(mg/L)
Conc.
(mg/L)
Temp.
(°C)
pH
Conductivity DO
(mg/L)
0.0
27.00±0.0
6.93±0.28
43.33±2.51
c
5.70±0.36
0.0
27.40±0.64 7.76±0.23
42.93±0.73
bc
5.03±0.05
15.0
26.25±0.3
6.96±0.49
39.66±2.30
ab
5.76±0.40
5.0
27.50±0.57 7.56±0.56
41.33±4.05
b
5.26±0.20
30.0
27.15±0.6
7.26±0.11
41.38±3.05
b
5.63±0.57
10.0
27.60±0.52 7.76±0.25
33.33±3.78
a
5.63±0.20
45.0
27.00±0.0
7.13±0.32
44.66±5.86
c
6.63±0.28
15.0
27.23±0.23 7.60±1.38
42.33±2.76
b
5.63±0.60
60.0
26.90±1.1
7.30±0.42
38.00±11.87
a
5.86±0.40
20.0
27.23±0.28 8.16±0.05
44.33±0.56
cd
5.76±0.60
75.0
27.10±0.2
7.96±2.09
48..22±5.29
d
5.93±0.59
25.0
27.40±2.46 8.36±0.72
46.02±0.00
d
5.03±0.89
Note: Mean values of conductivity that carry the same letters were statistically the same while those with different letters were
statistically different. Means of parameters as dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH were not statistically different.
Table 2 The LC
50
and safe concentrations of 2, 4-Dimethyl Amine to
Clarias gariepinus
sub-adults
Time of exposure
LC
50
(mg/L)
Safe concentration (LC
50
×0.01-0.1)
24 hours
22.5
0.22-2.2 mg/L
48 hours
18.0
0.18-1.8 mg/L
72 hours
16.5
0.165-1.65 mg/L
96 hours
15.0
0.15-1.5 mg/L
Note: Safe concentrations are obtained from the formula of Koesomadinata (1980)
The results obtained from the toxicity experiment of
Clarias gariepinus
sub-adults exposed to varying
concentrations of 2, 4-Dimethyl Amine for a period of four days showed significant differences in some blood
parameters when compared with that of the control. For instance, there was an increase in the white blood cells counts
of fish that increase with increase in the concentration of 2, 4-Dimethyl Amine. A similar increase was reported by
Akinwole et al. (2014) who attributed the increase in white blood cells to a surge in leucocytes production in the
haematopoietic tissue (kidney and maybe the spleen). Lymphocytes are responsible for the production of antibodies.
They serve as protection against infections. Ada et al. (2011) also recorded a similar increase in the WBC of
Oreochromis niloticus
subjected to an increasing concentration of an herbicide (Butachlor), with a resultant effect
of leukemia in the fish. The population of Lymphocytes (Figure 3) were not different between the treated and
control groups, though there were absolute elevations in the population of the treated groups. Akinwole et al. (2014)
had a similar report when
Clarias gariepinus
were subjected to different levels of
Plumbago zeylanica
extracts.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Platelet (10
9
/L)
Conc. of 2, 4-Dimethyl Amine (mg/L)
a
b
b
b
a
ab
b
