Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 121-133 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 131 7 Summary and Outlook The symbiosis of major diseases in rapeseed fields is a complex challenge facing current plant pathology and agricultural production.The main diseases of rapeseed, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Plasmodiophora brassicae, and Leptosphaeria maculans, have their own occurrence patterns and hazard characteristics, but they often do not exist in isolation in the actual fields, but are driven by multiple factors such as the environment, host and pathogen interaction, showing a trend of multiple diseases being compounded and common.This symbiotic phenomenon breaks the traditional single disease epidemic model and makes the occurrence and development of the disease more complex and difficult to measure.Different pathogens may have synergistic or mutual antagonistic effects during coexistence, thereby affecting the overall disease epidemic intensity and yield loss (Wei, 2014). Research in recent years has gradually revealed some pathogen interaction mechanisms, such as the attenuated virus pathogens first infected can induce host resistance and inhibit later viral pathogens, or multiple pathogens can contribute to each other by changing the host metabolic environment.However, for important crops like rapeseed, the mechanism of multi-pathogen complex infection has not been fully elucidated, and the specific relationship between different diseases still needs to be studied in depth.In the context of environmental changes and intensive farming, the symbiosis of rapeseed diseases may further intensify, which puts higher requirements for disease prevention and control.To ensure the safety of the rapeseed industry, we can look at the future from the following aspects: Strengthen basic research: In-depth analysis of the interaction molecular mechanisms and ecological dynamics of major pathogens, such as using metagenomic and transcriptome technologies to study the defense response network of plants under complex infection, and clarify the key factors of synergy or antagonism.This will provide theoretical support for innovative prevention and control strategies.Improve monitoring and prediction: Establish a multi-disease synchronous monitoring system and comprehensive prediction model, apply meteorological, big data and artificial intelligence to disease early warning, and pay special attention to the invasion of emerging pathogens (such as toxic Leptosphaeria maculans) and their interaction with local pathogens.Timely release multiple disease trend forecasts to gain the initiative for production prevention and control. Cultivate broad-spectrum disease-resistant varieties: use molecular breeding to polymerize multiple disease-resistant genes and cultivate new rapeseed varieties that are resistant to major diseases.At the same time, the creation and discovery of disease-resistant genes are strengthened, such as using bioinformatics to find potential broad-spectrum resistance genes in the rapeseed genome, or introducing new antigen sources from nearby wild species.Large-scale promotion of multi-resistant varieties will significantly reduce the overall epidemic level of the disease, which is a long-term solution.Develop new prevention and control technologies: including high-efficiency and low-toxic new pesticides, biological antagonists, plant immune-induced antigens, etc., design "package" preparations for compound diseases to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling multiple pathogens in one application.At the same time, explore the ecological control technologies of disease, such as inhibiting soil-borne diseases through soil improvement and microbiome engineering, reducing leaf diseases through inducing resistance, etc., to build a new model of plant protection for healthy crops. Promote the construction of a comprehensive prevention and control system: implement the organic combination of agricultural prevention, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control in actual production, and formulate a comprehensive prevention and control plan that is divided into regions and diseases. Strengthen agricultural technical training and guidance, so that farmers can master the essentials of multiple diseases identification and comprehensive prevention and control, and improve the level of plant protection management throughout the process. Acknowledgments Thanks to the members of this research team for their reference materials and also thanks to the anonymous reviewer for their professional opinions, which greatly promoted the improvement and improvement of this article.
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