Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 121-133 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 129 research, scientists have identified a batch of genes or germplasm resources with broad spectrum resistance. Leptosphaeria maculans resistance genes (such as the Rlm series) have been widely used abroad. China has also begun to introduce these genes in recent years, hoping to cultivate new varieties of Leptosphaeria maculans to prevent invasion of strong toxins (Balesdent et al., 2015). Looking ahead, molecular breeding methods will have great potential. It has been reported that knocking out the BnMLO6 gene in rapeseed can increase resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and powdery mildew at the same time. This strategy of "two birds with one stone" is worth exploring in multi-resistant breeding. In addition, in hybrid breeding, the resistance genes of different diseases can be combined on the same variety through gene polymerization, so that they have multiple resistance traits such as anti-Leptosphaeria maculans, antibacterial Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and antiviral diseases. At present, some breeding units in China have begun to build polymer breeding programs that are resistant to multiple diseases, such as anti-Plasmodiophora brassicae, anti-bacterial Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and anti-lost as breeding targets. After the successful cultivation of disease-resistant varieties, the more important thing is to promote and apply it in production. The government and scientific research departments should strengthen monitoring of the disease spectrum in the main production areas and promptly promote suitable new disease-resistant varieties to farmers to plant them to gradually replace susceptible old varieties. In areas with high incidence of compound diseases, we must accelerate the promotion of multiple antibiotic varieties to reduce the possibility of disease occurrence from the source (Neik et al., 2017). 6.2 Coordinated prevention and control of agricultural measures In view of the coexistence of multiple diseases in rapeseed fields, the rational use of comprehensive agricultural measures can effectively reduce the incidence of diseases and is an economically feasible way of prevention and control. In terms of the cultivation system, implementing scientific crop rotation is one of the basic measures. To avoid long-term continuous crops of rapeseed, you can rotate them with non-host crops such as rice, wheat, and corn to cut off the reproduction chain of soil transmission and stubble-incubation pathogens. Especially if the cruciferous crops have not been planted for more than two years, it can significantly reduce the base of rhizombia and Leptosphaeria maculans and reduce the risk of compound infection (Dalton, 2016). Of course, crop rotation crops need to choose non-hosted varieties with similar economic benefits to take into account production income. Eliminating sick and disabled is another key measure. After harvesting, clean the broken leaves of the fields in time, and turn the soil deep into the soil to bury the sick or centrally treat them, which can reduce the number of overwintering diseases. For fields where Plasmodiophora brassicae is found to be severely swelling, the diseased strain should be removed and the residual soil should be treated and disinfected to prevent spore transmission. Adjusting the seeding method and density also helps to prevent diseases in an integrated manner. Sowing in appropriate time should avoid premature sowing and causing high temperature and humidity to the seedling stage, which is conducive to alleviating early diseases such as catalysis and viruses; however, sowing is not advisable to sow too late to avoid weak and susceptible to overwintering pathogens (McBeath et al., 2020). Reasonably reduce the seed density and nitrogen fertilizer application amount, and cultivate strong seedlings, the plant's stress resistance will be enhanced and it will not be easy to get infected with a large number of diseases at the same time. In terms of field moisture management, ditches drainage and ridge cultivation can be used for plots with severe soil-borne diseases to reduce soil moisture to suppress the occurrence of Plasmodiophora brassicae; field irrigation should be changed to ditches or sprinkler irrigation to reduce the chance of pathogens spreading with water. Intercropping and intercropping are also agronomic measures worth considering. During the busy farming season, it is also important to strengthen field monitoring and timely prevention and control. When a disease reaches the prevention and control indicators, it can prevent it from being harmed with other diseases to a certain extent (Lemerle et al., 2017). 6.3 Joint prevention and treatment of chemical and biological agents When multiple diseases are concurrent, the effective combination of chemical control and biological control methods can provide relatively rapid and broad-spectrum control effects, which is an indispensable part of comprehensive control. In terms of chemical prevention and treatment, targeted agents should be selected according to the main types of diseases in the field, and drugs with a wide range of treatment spectrum should be
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