Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 111-120 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 117 In another experiment in the suburbs of Beijing, Feng et al. (2023) set up a comparative treatment of tomato rotation with arrowleaf lotus root and rotation with eggplant. The results showed that arrowleaf lotus root, as an aquatic non-host plant, can effectively block the reproduction path of soil pathogens. After two seasons of rotation, the abundance of Fusarium DNA decreased by about 47%, and the soil microbial community changed from being dominated by Fusarium to being dominated by Bacillus, and the ecological function was more stable. In addition, Lin et al. (2022) introduced marigold rotation in the experiment of greenhouse tobacco cultivation in Hebei, which not only reduced the incidence of diseases, but also improved the diversity of soil microorganisms, providing a practical basis for the promotion of non-host plant rotation under facility cultivation. Farmers generally reported that the growth of crops after rotation treatment was significantly better than that of the continuous cropping group, the frequency of pesticide use was significantly reduced, and the economic benefits were improved. 6.2 Rotation results in open-field cultivation in tropical areas In tropical open-field farming areas, solanaceous crops such as banana, pepper, and tomato are often grown continuously throughout the year. Their long planting cycles lead to the rapid buildup of soil-borne pathogens, causing persistent disease problems. conducted a three-year rotation experiment in banana monoculture fields in Ledong County, Hainan Province (Figure 3) (Hong et al. 2023), using peanut and maize as non-host rotation crops with banana. By combining field trials with pot experiments, the study systematically evaluated the disease control effectiveness and ecological impact of crop rotation. The results showed that after banana–peanut rotation, the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was significantly reduced, and the incidence of banana wilt disease in the following season dropped by more than 50%. At the same time, soil nitrogen and organic matter levels increased, and soil structure improved. The study further identified dominant antagonistic microbial strains induced by rotation and validated their inhibitory effects on pathogens through fermentation and inoculation tests. These findings enhanced the sustainability and stability of the rotation system. This research not only confirmed the practical feasibility of crop rotation in tropical open-field systems but also provided theoretical support and technical guidance for future microbe-based ecological disease control strategies. 7 Suggestions for Promotion and Application and Research Prospects 7.1 Suitable regions and crop selection strategies The disease prevention effect of non-host plant rotation is closely related to regional climate conditions, soil types and crop combinations. In temperate regions, it is recommended to give priority to the promotion of crop rotation with gramineous crops (such as wheat and corn), taking into account both economic efficiency and disease control; in subtropical and tropical regions, it is more suitable to use green manure plants (such as sesbania and vetch) or legumes (such as peas and cowpeas) for rotation, which can achieve the dual goals of disease prevention and control and soil improvement (Mason et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2024). It is worth noting that different non-host plants have different regulatory abilities for specific pathogens. For example, marigolds are outstanding in inhibiting nematode pathogens, while legumes are more effective in inhibiting Ralstonia strains (Ali et al., 2022). Therefore, the optimal rotation mode should be selected in combination with the specific disease type and the characteristics of the target crop to avoid blindly promoting a single mode. For facility agriculture, the crop-stopping period and green cover period should be reasonably set in combination with the crop rotation cycle, and the monitoring and management of soil health indicators after crop rotation should be strengthened, and an integrated mechanism of "crop rotation-soil testing-regulation" should be established to improve the scientificity and operability of the crop rotation system. 7.2 Exploration of the synergistic effect of combined biocontrol measures Although a single crop rotation system can achieve a certain degree of disease suppression, its control effect may
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