International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 214-223 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 220 6 Progress in Experimental and Clinical Research 6.1 Molecular evidence from animal experiments on regenerated dressings Animal experiments have provided strong evidence at the molecular level that this new type of regenerative dressing can effectively promote tissue repair. For instance, in both in vivo and cell experiments, silver-modified silk fibroin scaffolds have demonstrated good compatibility and healing aid effects. Studies have shown that the proliferation of fibroblasts and the improvement of wound conditions can be observed within 24 hours, indicating that silver and silk fibroin can work together in tissue regeneration. In addition, modified alginate dressings containing silver nanoparticles, antibiotics, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) demonstrated significant antibacterial effects in rat models with infected wounds, promoting the growth of intact epithelium, increasing tight collagen deposition, and reducing inflammatory responses (Atepileva et al., 2024). These results indicate that regenerative dressings can effectively regulate activities at the cellular and molecular levels, thereby promoting tissue repair. In addition, cell-based dressings (such as hydrogels containing fibroblasts) also performed outstandingly in animal experiments. In full-thickness burn models, such dressings can increase granulation tissue, enhance the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67+), and promote angiogenesis. In diabetic rats, gene-activated skin-like substitutes delivering VEGF plasmids can enhance VEGF expression, accelerate the phenotypic transformation of macrophages, and promote collagen production and epithelial repair (Lou et al., 2020). These histological and molecular evidences jointly indicate that regenerative dressings can regulate multiple repair pathways in the body and promote more efficient healing. 6.2 Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation More and more clinical studies and systematic analyses have confirmed that regenerative dressings have good efficacy and safety in treating chronic wounds. Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown that compared with standard treatment, collagen dressings can significantly increase the healing rate and speed without increasing adverse events. During the 8~12 week follow-up, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) dressings also had a higher complete healing rate than normal saline dressings, and no increase in infection or complications was observed (Li et al., 2023). These findings indicate that regenerated dressings can bring better efficacy and safety in various types of patients. A systematic review of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), PRP and biomaterial dressings further supports their clinical value. Studies suggest that these protocols can promote the repair of chronic wounds and soft tissue defects, and no serious adverse reactions have been observed (Gentile and Garcovich, 2021). However, there is also the view that although multifunctional intelligent dressings have promising prospects, high-quality clinical evidence is still limited, and larger-sample, rigorously designed trials are still needed to verify their long-term effects and safety (Raju et al., 2022). 6.3 Biomarker detection and evaluation of tissue regeneration quality Biomarker detection provides a new approach for evaluating the effect of tissue regeneration. This new type of hydrogel detection system can directly collect and measure key wound markers (such as IL-6, TNF-α) at the nursing site, and monitor the healing progress in a non-invasive and real-time manner (Bakshi et al., 2023). These technical means help to formulate individualized treatment plans and provide more accurate molecular-level information for clinical application at the same time. Meanwhile, the researchers pointed out that electrochemical and optical sensors are equally important in detecting multiple types of wound related markers (such as growth factors, cytokines, proteases and ECM components) (Mota et al., 2024). These techniques can objectively reflect the status of inflammation, infection and regeneration, thereby enhancing the accuracy of assessment and helping doctors optimize plans based on biological signals, promoting more targeted, biomarker-oriented individualized wound management.
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