International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 195-204 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 200 6.3 There is a lack of unified standards for the evaluation of coagulation function Although there have been advancements in coagulation monitoring technology, there is currently no unified standard to assess the coagulation function of trauma patients. The application scenarios of traditional laboratory analysis and advanced viscoelastic testing are different, and the operation procedures of various institutions also vary, which leads to inconsistent actual care practices (Table 1) (Karl et al., 2021). Relevant surveys show that there are significant differences among different institutions in terms of diagnostic methods, test availability, and blood transfusion strategies. This indicates that it is necessary to formulate unified guiding principles and standard procedures to ensure that patients receive the best and fair care (Maegele, 2018; Karl et al., 2021). Table 1 “Wishlist” toimprove local practices in detecting and managing severe bleeding and coagulopathy of trauma patients (Adopted from Karl et al., 2021) - %(n=137) Treatment algorithms for the management of bleeding and coagulopathy after trauma 45 Checklists to guide clinical practice 42 Faster turn-around times for standard coagulation assays 32 Advanced technology for early detection and monitoring of severe bleeding/coagulopathy 44 Tests to detect patients under influence of DOACs and platelet aggregation 64 Fast availability of blood products 22 Fast availability pf additional agents/drugs to support coagulation function 21 Fast availability of antidotes against DOACs 61 Interdisciplinary training programs to improve clinical skills related on the early detection and treatment of bleeding and coagu-lopathy after trauma 50 Improved strategies for faster vertical patient transfers to trauma centers of higher level of care 20 No need for improvement 2 6.4 Authorization and restrictions of nursing staff in clinical decision-making By learning professional knowledge of hemostasis care and coagulation monitoring, nursing staff are increasingly capable of participating in clinical decision-making. They can operate on-site care equipment and understand test results. This professional ability helps to take intervention measures in a timely manner and also provides assistance for the decision-making of multidisciplinary teams. However, limitations still exist: Due to the different processes of various institutions, different regulations on the scope of nurses' work, and differences in access to advanced diagnostic methods, nurses' rights to work independently have been restricted, which also affects the timeliness of care (Phillips et al., 2017; Karl et al., 2021). 7 Future Development Direction 7.1 Intelligent monitoring and artificial intelligence-assisted clinical decision-making system The combination of intelligent monitoring and artificial intelligence-assisted clinical decision-making systems is rapidly changing the way trauma care is provided. The artificial intelligence platform can continuously collect and analyze patient data, such as vital signs, laboratory test results and clinical records. This helps to detect the signs of deterioration of the patient's condition early and promptly remind the nursing staff to take rapid intervention measures (Ghane et al., 2024). These systems, which incorporate predictive analytics and remote patient monitoring functions, have been proven to reduce the occurrence of adverse events, lower the possibility of patient readmission, and also alleviate the workload of nurses. This is because they can automatically complete daily monitoring tasks and provide support for clinical immediate decision-making (Huang et al., 2022; Martinez et al., 2022; Chae et al., 2024; Konda, 2025). Despite these advancements, there are still challenges in protecting data privacy, achieving data intercommunication among different systems, and the rational use of artificial intelligence in clinical scenarios. Nurses must receive sufficient training, understand the suggestions given by artificial intelligence, and be responsible for patients' care decisions. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence in the medical field, its role will be to assist rather than replace professional nursing skills, providing support for safer, more efficient, patient-centered trauma care (Celi et al., 2019; Peltonen and Topaz, 2022; Scerri and Morin, 2023; Ghane et al., 2024).
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